Shawshank Redemption vs Romulus My Father Essay Example for Free

Shawshank Redemption vs Romulus My Father EssayBelonging refers to a sense of stamp accepted or welcome either physically or spiritually to a group or club. A feeling of chokeing depends on a strong relationship, actual over a close of time. This statement suggests that a strong relationship is created or evolved over a period of time, it is pellucid in todays society through terms such as childhood friends. The sentiment A feeling of belonging depends on a strong relationship, developed over a period of time is portrayed in my text Romulus my Father by Raimond Gaita and my related text the movie The Shawshank Redemption directed by Frank Darabont. In Shawshank Redemption the year is 1947 and Andy Dufresne is ordered to serve two life sentences in Shawshank Prison for the murder of his wife and her lover. Inside, Andy is subjected to violent attacks from brutal guards and bronco buster inmates. Slowly, he begins to make friends ,one of the most most important friendship is the one he forms with Red, who has also been convicted of murder and is Shawshanks resident black-market dealer.During his time in prison, Andys previous experience as a banker earns him favour with the guards and e peculiar(prenominal)ly the warden ,as he begins to manage their financial affairs, soon moving on to laundering money for them. In return, Andy is permitted special privileges , which includes working in the wardens office and being able to establisha prison subroutine library for the inmates. Eventually Andys pureness is proven. However, by this time, Andy is nowhere to be found and the warden and Shawshank are left hand sinking in a sea of s potdal.Through his time in imprisonment he creates many friendships and alliances with the guards and the inmates, however he never gives up his whimsy in himself and he never looses his sense of belonging to the outside world like many of the inmates. He refuses to become institutionalized. He always believed in his innocence and believed he belonged on the outside. Like Raimond in Romulus my father Andy Dufresne both characters do not conform to their surroundings. Raimonds surroundings being mental illness and Andys being institutionalization.This is due to a strong sense in their own personal belonging they know where they belong and how they belong and their surroundings will not effect nor change this. The two main characters also find or in Andys case creates an area where they feel safe and secure . For Andy this was his library . A place where he feels at home away from the violence of the prison. A place where he can be who he use to be, a place to belong away from the harshness of prison life .A glimmer of his past . Raimond also has a place where he feels safe and that was anywhere his dog was . His dog provides feeling of safety of being needed by another living being . Of felling a sense of belonging and acceptance that no human could replicate. Time serves as both a source of torment as we ll as the backdrop for the slow, eventual achievement of Andys flail to where he feels he belongs, his seemingly impossible goal for nearly twenty-eight years.Shawshank redefines the passage of time for the inmates, especially for the lifers like Andy and Red, who can only look in the lead to death. Hours can seem like a lifetime, and every day seems indistinguishable from the next, adding to the loneliness and burden of imprisonment. Ironically, however, time also proves to be the means of Andys flight of stairs and salvation and gives him hope throughout his quarter-century in Shawshank.It is ironic that the inmates feel as they dont belong in jail, there is a scene in the movies where one of the inmates Brooks is release from prison after spending a life sentence who is released and feels that he doesnt belong this is evident thought the ingeminate I cant believe how fast thing move on the out side her refers to the world as the outside this projects a sense of not belonging to society. Brooks then goes on to say maybe I should get me a gun, n rob the food way so theyd send me home . He feels more sense of belonging inside a prison than he does out in the real world.He feels shipwreck survivor not through his actions but through the passage of time the world went and got themselves into a big dam hurry . The passage of time in Shawshank redemption has created a strong relationship between the inmates and the prison a feeling of belonging, time has changed the world they once knew to a totally different world that is disaffect to them, thus institutionalizing them to a world they feel comfortable. Romulus, My Father composed by Raimond Gaita is an autobiographical memoir of his fathers life.It explores the Assimilation to Australian Culture in the Eyes on Raimond Gaita general hardships of migrants moving from Europe, and how he comes to belong to Australia. In Romulus My Father the most profound sense of belonging exists with the narrator himself. T he narrator delivers his observations in a reflective and thoughtful tone. The high modality of verb choice suggests a pleasant nostalgia about events in the book. Particularly his recollections of his father, notions such as, I loved him too deeply no quarrel could estrange us displays the sense of belonging he feels with his father.This is evident even after Christina dies. He observed, We came together as son and husband with the muliebrity whose remains lay beneath us. Raimonds aspect of belonging is that of family and culture. Juxtaposed against Raimonds belonging is the suffering of Christina in her displacement. For the mother her inability to belong is described by Raimond as, a troubled city girl, she could not settle. in a undercoatscape that highlighted her isolation. Raimonds melancholy tone conveys how Christine could not fit into the community and in Australia.As a result her isolation and alienation lead her to betray the institution of family juxtaposed by I ta ngle awkward with her, which shows his relationship with his mother has lost the familial belonging it once contained. The landscape plays a harsh role in Romulus, My Father, as the landscape is one of rare beaut, to a European or English eye it seems desolate rapscallion 14. Relating to culture shock also, Romulus could not become reconciled to it as the eucalypts of Baringhup, scraggy except for the noble red gums on the riverbank, seemed symbols of deprivation and barrenness. page 14.This lack of belonging even in the landscape of Australia for Romulus creates the notion that he felt up connected to his native lands in Europe, and without that connection he feels as though he does not belong. However, this can also be viewed that Romulus does not understand the land and therefore cannot appreciate its unique beauty, highlighted where he set fire to the stock in order to kill the snakean immigrant unused to the tinder-dry conditions of an Australian summer page 28.Romulus was t hen harshly unaccepted as The local newspaper ridiculed the New Australian for his folly. He partially redeemed himself in the eyes of locals where he salvage Neil Mikkelsen from dying after he fell from a ladder. This can be contrasted to Raimonds perception of the Australian landscape, one who had grown up with the land, the key to the beauty of the native trees lay in the light which so sharply delineated them against a dark blue skythe sight provoked a balloon of affection for my primitive home. pg 62. Belonging shapes who we are. Romulus My Father by Raimond Gaita explores how A feeling of belonging depends on a strong relationship, developed over a period of time. The Shawshank redemption directed by Frank Darabont explores the need for belonging by gamers seeking a place in society and how time can disconnect one from somewhere they one belonged. Together these texts allow us to examine both positive and negative aspects time has on belonging.

Understanding Organisations and the role of HR Essay Example for Free

rationality Organisations and the role of HR EssayGood afternoon guys. Before I have my speech begun, please let me introduce myself to you guys. inscribe is what I major in. I feel a little snowflake nervous upon my first speech in front of you now, but I am going to try my best. Since 21st century, we have seen a mickle of creativity on every field. Every one emphasizes the productive power. As we see that Apple, which always stresses innovation and creativity, is a one of the biggest companies around the world, creativity is a key to success these days. To me, Creativity is an abstract idea.Maybe it is to you people as well. Anyway, everyone probably has divergent thoughts of what is fictive. But I think creativity comes from how it looks in a way, I mean artistic fgures. Lets compare ones we use with ones we used to use. Take jail cell phones for example, when cell phone was firstly shown up to the public they were literally a sensation. Who could think they would t ake a call outside with a wireless phone, even though they looked like a tank or something at that time. As we know, those cell phones at the beginning were technically amazingly convenient at the very moment.However, as time goes by, people have tended to find ore creative ones than ones that are even much better in hardware. Actually, I have heard a lot that m each people like iPhones instead of others because iPhones look more beautiful than others so it seems to be more creative. As a result, their beautiful-looking makes themselves more creative to people. What if iPhone or other Apples products had the same function and hardware with an ugly shape, people would still think they are creative? I dont think so. Nowadays, not only the industrial products but also cultural industrial like movies or books also need creativity to succeed.Actually, according to some statistics a creative book multiply helps its sales whether the contents of the book is good or bad. When we see those books in a bookstore, what we see first is the book cover and we get the first vox populi of it from the cover. So people annually make a new version of old ones which have old cover that we would feel corny now. The most primary(prenominal) thing of a good movie is definitely its plot, and l, personally, think the secondly important thing of it is creative visual aspects. The way of shooting every aspect and brand-new visual effects, they all ake a movie as a good movie.All in all, now we live in a creative life. Everything has evolved day by day. We can find and enjoy creativity everywhere. There are thousands of same thing, but what makes one of them standing-out is creativity. For me, what make one of them looking creative are artistic figures. It is, for sure, much better to buy something looking better and looking more creative than others, even if they are a little bit more expensive than others. So I think we need to pay more attention to these creative idea and artistic fgures to geta success.Thank you for your listening. Understanding Organisations and the role of By cdonaldson TASK 1 Santander UK plc is one of the leading personal financial services companies in the United Kingdom with more than 15 zillion customers serviced by a network of 1200 branches and with approximately 24,000 employees. It is the third largest bank in the I-JK with reference to the value of deposits and the 2nd largest in terms of mortgage accounts held. Santander boast an award-winning, advanced range of products and services for both personal and business customers.Personal banking customers can choose from a range of Current Accounts, Savings Accounts, Credit Cards, Un-secured Personal Loans, Mortgages and amends products. To enable customers to access their accounts whenever they need and manage them more effectively, Santander offer internet and mobile banking as well as telephone banking for the majority of accounts not forgetting any of the 1200 high street bra nches Business and Corporate customers have access to a similar product range current and savings accounts, loans (secured and un-secured) and insurance products.

Reasons Of Market Failure Economics Essay

Reasons Of Market Failure Economics EssayMarket efficiency is the property of society maximizes the benefits it achieves from the use of its meagerly resources. When the production is efficient, the economy testament obtain all it sack up from the scarce resources that is available and there is no way to produce more than a soundly without producing less of former(a)wise goods. Market failure is a circumstance which a commercialise leave overlook its own fails to allocate resources efficiently. Thus, there ar some(prenominal) possibilities that can cause market failure such as externalities, market power and public goods as well as in go off information.Externalities atomic number 18 establish on the impact of an individual action on the well-being of a bystander. Hence, they enforced people other than the consumers and producers of goods and services. Thus, externalities ar also described as spillover effects. tertiary parties ar refer as people except consumers and pro ducers who atomic number 18 change by these side-effects of market exchanges. Externalities may be either substantiative or banish which it may cause beneficial or disadvantageous to the third party. For instance, we are off to bed and our neighbour is having a dancing party with high multitude rock music. The action of our neighbour is imposing negative externality toward us and the third parties who are trying to sleep. As the results from annoyance of our neighbours playing the music, this is an example of a consumption externality.However, externalities are also an external positive externality too by the way, negative externalities are only caused by market failure. On the other hand, the production externality is generated, for examples, depletion of graphic resources are caused by atmospheric pollution from factories and the long-term surroundal damage. The factories expel harmful gases such as CFC, carbon monoxides, hydrocarbons from the lamp chimney that causes bysta nder health. The externality is considered to be an important factor contributing to economic yield.Market power is also one of the reasons of causing market failure. Market power, which refers to a firm, can influence the price by exercising control over its demand, and supply. It does non exist when there is a perfect competition, but it does when there is monopoly, cartels, or noncompetitive competition. The invisible hand of the market leads to an allocation of resources that makes total surplus larger as it can be. As monopolies can lead to an allocation of resources unlike from a competitive market, the monopolists keep its prices and profits high by using its market power to restrict output below the socially efficient quantity. The monopolists choose the profit-maximizing quantity of output at the inter persona of the marginal-cost curve and the marginal-revenue curve. It is not at the lowest point of the average total cost curve, intend that the available resources are not fully use and it will fail to produce an efficient allocation of resources. The inefficiency of monopoly also can be measured with a deadweight loss trigon area between the marginal-cost curve and the demand curve, which reflects the total surplus loss and the costs of the monopoly producer. Buyers who have willingness to pay less than the price will not buy it. It is the reduction in economic well-being that fall out from the monopolys use of its market power. Microsoft market shares in PC operating system in the natural monopoly are one of an example because everyone is using their products. It would also leads to an increase in competition and variety as well as cheaper products for consumers. Moreover, after determining the take of Microsofts market power, we know that the relevant market is the licensing of all Intel-compatible PC operating systems world-wide. In addition, some consumers may not interest on some types of application, they skill seek for others, such as Apple Company.Other than those reasons above, the reason which will cause market failure happen is public goods. Public goods can restrict as goods that will not reduce the availability of it for consumption by others after people making consumption. By the way, once public goods are available, no one can be withheld to consume them for giving. Public goods are usually issued by the authorities examples like protection provided by police, fire departments, and the military. Public goods may provide free unlooseer problem, which means the private organizations cannot get all the benefits of the public goods which they have produced, there would be no incentive for them to voluntarily provide public goods consumers can take advantage of public goods without contributing sufficiently to their creation. This situation can produce inefficiency and a resulting market failure.When markets failure occurs, it will lastly affect economic recession, social unemployment rate to increase, f inancial deficits, and inflation and so on. In order to seek full employment, price stability, maintain economic growth and international revenue as well as expenditure in balance politics will launch a series of economic policies to intervene the market economy and to correct market failures. Government policy is a kind of coercive force which is a noticeable act that controlled by individuals and organizations act during the trade. Moreover, the regime policies are divided into three parts, which consist of taxes, price control and subsidies.Tax is an imposed manner which the burden of a tax is shared among participants in the market. When a tax is imposed on goods, this will affect supply curve to shift upward by the amount of the tax. In addition, taxes can right off and indirectly affect on other area such as cigarettes, petrol, and alcoholic drinks.According to the text above it has already shows out that an increase in baccy tax is the best means to reduce tobacco plan t uses, particularly to prevent young people to become smokers. The price of tobacco products has increased by 70% it can avoid 1/4 of smoking death rate in the world. In addition, an increase in tobacco tax will not only help or reduce in tobacco production and consumption it will also be a great radical to the shortage of national financial revenue problem. In high-income countries, 10% of the rate increase in tobacco products can reduce a consumption of tobacco by 4%.Whereas, in low-income countries it can reduce about 8% but tobacco taxes but will increase by almost 7%.For example, in the U.S. government make the federal tobacco tax from 39 cents per pack to $ 1.01, which is by far the most significant U.S. government to raise the federal tobacco tax. Select a recession in the domestic tobacco tax increase to help smokers to quit and this will be great power. Britain is the worlds that has highest tobacco tax. However, in 2009, the United Kingdom has doubled up the tobacco tax .Price control is the import and export of goods or services on the enforcement of price-fixing measures. At the residuum price, there will be no shortage or surplus. The government may prefer to keep prices above or below the equilibrium. There will be a shortage, if government sets a maximum price below the equilibrium price. Price will not be allowed to rise to get rid of this shortage. This is called a price ceiling. There will be a surplus, if government sets a minimum price above the equilibrium price. Price will not be allowed to fall to get rid of this surplus. This is called a price floor.For instance, fluctuation in weather can affect the crops. If industry demand is price inelastic, prices are possibility to fluctuate severely at a minimum price that can prevent a fall in producers incomes that would accompany periods of low prices. Whilst, if government sets a maximum prices to prevent them from rising above a certain level. This will generally be done for reasons of fa irness. In wartime, or times of famine, the government may set maximum price for fundamental goods so that poor people can afford to buy the goods. Government keeps prices down for the consumers.Besides that, subsidies are also other forms of public policies to overcome market failure. Government policies are very common in countries and it is benefit a lot of industries. Other than that, agriculture, education, free school meals, employment, state benefits, transport, working tax credits, regional development, housing are also some examples of the subsidies from government.In the Egyptian economy, food subsidies can be affected in various sectors. A major objective of a research was done in order to examine the agricultural policy-making in the environment of a growing foods subsidy system. In addition, misallocation and in efficiencies of resources in agriculture take place when food subsidies are hidden costs of such systems. Nevertheless, it is a vital to divide out from the ent ire bundle of policy goals and relate it with those instruments that are directly or indirectly related to food subsidies. A complete quantitative evaluation of a countrys agricultural policy and its determinants can be provided by its basis. Furthermore, commodities that are strictly controlled on the production section are also strictly rationed at a fixed price on the food distribution are such as moolah and rice.Product such as maize, wheat and meat are non-rationed or not strictly rationed commodities. Moreover, products that are not strictly rationed commodities are considerably to have less interference in allocation and marketing. The input and output prices of agricultural are distorted in different ways. Tax are usually taxed or given under the field of crops. Whereas, the production of milk and meat has been protected by the supply of subsidized and by import restrictions. viands policy may cause a consumer-to-producer to transfer and a producer-to-producer to transfer when a special situation for livestock or feed has been point out, in which it accompanies redistribution of income among the production sectors in an agriculture sectors.In conclusion, as market failure will arise and government will established several policies to improve the market allocation. According to the cases as stated above, obviously, subsidies is the best effective policies that can be under take by market inefficiency. As it is the one of a positive solution and it can encourage producers to put more effort on producing and fully used the resources. The producers have no hesitation about accepting the government most generous offer. They are willing to produce maximum outfit by using subsidies that had given from the government. Hence, subsidies are no way to compare with other policies.

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Examining Perfectly Competitive And Monopoly And Oligopoly

Examining Perfectly Competitive And Monopoly And OligopolyFor the cause of enlarging our knowledge of economic science, we did this assignment. in that location ar tether main parts in it. They are Perfectly competitive, Monopoly and Oligopoly, which are really important in Economics. But not simple to learn in Economics study. The questions need us to draw graphs and use calculations for them. These questions would help us have a better get winding of them.Finding1.A number of market places are developing on the Internet. One of those market is eBay. Check out eBay at www.eBay.com and explain whether you believe that the eBay Internet auction market is perfectly competitive. Be sure to explain which of the six-spot conditions of a perfectly competitive market are met and how.A eBay is an online auction Website. Consumers use the Internet to research the goods they desire, then they look for bargains of the same products on eBay. If the products are available, a bid is entere d and the winner of the auction eventually pays with her credit card. In addition to regular mail, v displaceors also use express-mail service to send the purchases to buyers if they adopt that option. eBay is different from Amazon.com, another popular e-commerce Website, in that termss on eBay are set by the negotiation between bidders and sellers, whereas Amazon.coms prices are mostly determined by sellers. It is apparent to Taobao, which is a well-known shopping website in China. ( http//baike.baidu.com/view/7777. hypertext mark-up language?wtp=tt, 2010)I believe that the eBay Internet auction market is perfectly competitive. Because it possess these four feature films There essential be many and sellers in the market, none of whom is extensive enough to influence price. eBay have kinds of sellers to satisfied distinct begs in goods of consumers. No big steadfasts jibe belittled firms.There is freedom of entry to and exit from the industry. Firms must be able to establ ish themselves in the industry easily and quickly. eBay sellers hobo entry and exit the business line depend on their wishes. Buyers and sellers posses perfect knowledge of prices. They know the market and price well. They gain lots of information about that. All firms produce a homogeneous product. For example, there are many sellers in eBay have the same product, you stick out choose one base on service or else. Marcouse, 2008)Perfect emulation requires that the following six conditions be fulfilled. In such a market, prices would normally move instantaneously to economic equilibrium.AtomicityAn atomistic market have small producers and consumers on a readyn market, so that its actions have no important impact on others. Firms are price takers, which means that the market decide the price that they must choose.HomogeneityGoods and services can substitute perfectly, so all firms sell the same product. There is no difference.Perfect and complete informationAll firms and consu mers understand the prices decide by the whole firms.Equal accessAll firms have entryed to production technology. If they wanted, they could free to entry or leave.Individual buyers and sellers act independentlyThe market cannot have scope for buyers or sellers get together to have a overall view about the market price. (http//www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Perfect-competitionRequirements, 2010)Draw peripheral revenuemarginal apostrophize and average kernel cost curves for a typical perfectly competitive firm and indicate the profit-maximising level of output and total profit or outlet for that firm. Is the firm in long-run equilibrium? Why or why not?Figure1This is a typical perfectly competitive firm firm graph. It is passage.Figure 2Yes. It is long-run equilibrium. Because there is a point that LRAC line, ATC line, MC line and MR line intersect.The United States Federal Communications deputation (FCC) regulates interstate and international communications, including fusi on activity within industry. Go to the FCC website at www.fcc.gov and search communication companies and answer the following questionsWhat reasons do consumers and producers have for opposing the merger?What reasons do consumers and producers have for supporting the merger?Does the theory of a monopolist discussed in class and the textbook support the reasons state in your answers to a and b?A a).1.A monopolist weigh downs a higher price and produces less output than a perfectly competitive firm.2.Consumers have less choice, because one product notwithstanding be produced bu one firm.3.High barriers to entry means other firms cannot enter the market.4.Governments can earn heavily tax through monopolies.5.Governments can nationalise the monopoly (make it public) and therefore can keep prices too high. 6.Government can decline entry barriers (which is not good for the monopolistic firm).7.The economy may suffer as less consumer spending may happen because of high prices charged by monopolistic firms.8.Exploitation of consumer price discrimination9.Potential for inefficiency complacency over controls on production10.costs because there is no competition11.May wishing motivation and innovation because there is no competitionTo sum up, these 11 disadvantages of monopoly. Consumers and producers have for opposing the merger for their own profit.(Marcouse, 2008)b). 1.A monopoly may produce at a lower cost than a competitive industry. This is due to economies of scale, which a monopoly is able to exploit more than a competitive firm, as the monopoly is the sole provider of that good. The baron to set prices at a higher level in order to gain an abnormal profit. However, monopolistic firms are not simply able to charge a price they deem fit for the product, since it is constrained by its demand curve. A higher price go away result in a diminish in demand, and that may subsequently lead to a fall in revenue (depending on elasticity). The majority of monopoli es are belonging to government, so tax will be higher. It can give more money to perfect public goods.Consumers may like price discrimination as it could be in their favour.There can be more control and stability in an industry if a monopoly is present. If it is a natural monopoly, it would be suitable an necessary.Encourages spending on RD which may create better products.Some products and services are not likely to be produced without some guarantee of monopoly cling toion.Economies of scale can be gained consumer may expediency from a lower costIn conclusion, consumers and producers supporting it, because of these several advantages.c). In general, I think monopolist discussed in class and textbook support the reasons stated in my answers to a.Because from a and b we can know disadvantages of monopoly are greater than advantages. It harms consumers through charging a higher price and producing a lower quantity than would be the case in a perfectly competitive situation.And a m onopolist is inefficient because resources are under distri furthered to the production of its product.( Smith, 2010Draw demand, marginal revenue, marginal cost and average total cost curves for a typical monopolistic firm and indicate the profit-maximising level of output and total profit or loss for that firm. Is the firm in long-run equilibrium? Why or why not? How does the profit-maximising position differ from that of a perfectly competitive firm?A This is a typical monolistic graph. It is a loss.Monopolist can make a profit in the long-run. If the position of a monopolists demand and cost curves give it a profit and nothing disturbs these curves, it can make a profit in long-run. But there is no need to distinguish between the utterly run and long run for a monopolist.- a monopolist can make a profit in the short run and long run.- it can make a loss in the short run and long run.Smith, 2010From these two graphs we can see, the Demand and Marginal cost curves of the monopoli st are descending(prenominal) sloping. In perfect competition they are horizontal. But the maximizes profits point are the same, when MC=MR.(graphs from Smiths PPT, 2010)OligopolyThe organization of the oil color Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an international engagement. Go to its theatre page at www.opec.org to answer the following questionsWhat are OPECs objectives of OPFC? How does it meet those objectives?What countries are members of OPEC? What percentage of world oil production comes from these nations? In what way is OPEC a cartel?What significant oil-exporting countries are not members? What has OPEC done to limit the effect of nonmember production on its own pricing decisions?Aa)1.In accordance with its Statute, the mission of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is to coordinate and unify the rock oil policies of its process Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of pe troleum to consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry.OPECs objective is to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among Member Countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry.In a word, OPEC organization is assorting with members oil policy, and unify them. Then decide to use the most suitable way to protect their own or personally benefit. (http//www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/23.htm, http//www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/24.htm,http//baike.baidu.com/view/24477.htm?fr=ala0_1, 2010)(1)The member countries delegates of OPEC in the OPEC meeting seek unity of oil policy. And contribute to turn the oil market.These countries aim at the international situation and marketing trends of oil. They have a discussion and analysis to decide the incr easing rate of economics. And also control the demand and supply of oil. (http//baike.baidu.com/view/24477.htm?fr=ala0_1, 2010)b) 1. Angola, Algeria, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and the United Arab Emirates.OPEC nations still have 2/3 of the worlds oil reserves. In April 2009, 33.3% of the worlds oil production, affording them lots of overbearing in the global market. The next largest group of producers, members of the OECD and the Post-Soviet states produced only 23.8% and 14.8%, respectively, of the worlds total oil production.Since 2009, OPEC has ordered a production ceiling of 24.84 million barrels per daylight. At the end of 2008, OPEC had twice reduced the output quota by a total of 4.2 million barrels to 24.8 million barrels per day. In 1996, the members countries have 76.6% of oil, 69.7% in 2007. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEC, http//www.hxen.com/englishnews/world/2010-03-18/103865.html, http//www.qqkqw.com/html/cyclopedia /ziyuanzhanlve/ziyuanxingshi/2010/02/23/152105199.html, 2010)Definition1Cartel is a group of firms formally agreeing to control the price and output of a product.(Smith ,2010)In some markets, producing firms or producing countries band together, commonly to restrict supply this allows them to raise prices and increase their profits or revenues the best known cartel is OPEC which restricts the supply of oil onto world world markets.OPEC countries, with less than fractional of current world output but with most of the worlds oil reserves, manipulate the price of oil by restricting supply.Overall, these evidence proves that OPEC did act as a cartel.(Marcouse, http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPECEconomics,2010)c). 1. The oil-exporting countries which are not memebers also produced great amount. For example, Russia have the second oil produced in barrels per day, just less than Saudi Arabia, 9,810,000 bbl a day in 2009. United States are the third, 8,514,00 bbl a day in 2008. China is the fourth, which is 3,795,000 per day in 2008. ( https//www.cia.gov/liabrary/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2173rank.html, 2008)2.OPEC cannot control the international oil market.Draw demand,marginal revenue, marginal cost and average total cost curves for a typical oligopolistic firm and indicate the profit-maximising level of output and total profit or loss for that firm. Explain why prices are stable or sticky in this model. What are the characteristics of oligopoly?This is a typical oligopolistic firm. The graph shows total profit.A1.No incentive for price increases Total Revenue will fallNo incentive for price decreases Total Revenue will fall2.Mutual interdependence is a main characteristic of oligopoly and it may cause prices to be sticky. The market price incline to remain stable, or rigid, at the kink in the demand curve.3.To maximize profits, oligopolistic firms operate where MR = MC.Because of the kinked demand curve, there is a range of MC curves which equal MR a t the same price price rigidity.( Smith, 2010)1.Industry dominated by small number of large firms, but many firms may make up the industry mutual interdependence among the large firmsHigh barriers to entryProducts could be highly differentiated each large firm producing a branded productNon-price competition(e.g 4 Ps)Price stability within the market-kinked demand curveKnowledge of market is not perfect,but there is say-so for collusion among firms ( Smith, 2010)

Coming of Age in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn :: essays research papers

Betty Smiths A Tree Grows in Brooklyn presents the problems of a young girl coming of age, a time when she is faced with new ch entirelyenges and must overcome obstacles. Throughout the book the protagonist, Francie Nolan discovers herself matu crime syndicate as she struggles with loneliness, the loss of innocence and a life of poverty in a Brooklyn slum. This theme is evident in (1.) her love for books which she uses as companionship, (2.) her outlook on the world as she matures and finally, (3.) her realization that in order to succeed in life she must obtain an education and work hard to do it. One of the biggest challenges Francie faces while growing up is loneliness. As a young child living in a Brooklyn slum, Francie has no friends her age. The other children either find her too quiet or shun her for macrocosm different because of her extensive vocabulary. Betty Smith describes how most of Francies childhood days are spent in the impassioned summer days the lonesome child sit down on her stoop and pretended disdain for the group of children playing on the sidewalk. Francie played with her imaginary companions and made believe they were better than real children. But all the while her heart beat in rhythm to the poignant sadness of the song the children sang while walking around in a ring with hands joined. (106). Francie is lonely, and longs to be included. As Francie matures, she begins to experience a different kind of loneliness. Betty Smith portrays her feelings as she observes her neighborhood spring came early that year and the sweet warm nights made her restless. She walked up and down the streets and by dint of the putting green. And wherever she went, she saw a boy and a girl together, walking arm-in-arm, sitting on a park bench with their arms around each other, standing closely and in silence in a vestibule. Everyone in the world but Francie had a witness or a friend she seemed to be the only lonely one in Brooklyn without a friend. (4 03). Loneliness is a constant challenge for Francie but it is through her loneliness that she finds a new companion in her books. Francie reads as an alternative for her lack of friends and companions. It is through her love of reading that Francie develops her extensive, sophisticated vocabulary. Her books lead her into maturity and helper her learn to be independent and overcome her many hardships.

1929 Stock Market Crash :: essays research papers

The 1929 Stock Market CrashIn early 1928 the Dow J aces bonnie went from a low of 191 early in the year, to a soaring of 300 in December of 1928 and peaked at 381 in September of 1929. (1929) It was anticipated that the increases in earnings and dividends would continue. (1929) The price to earnings ratings rose from 10 to 12 to 20 and higher for the markets favorite stocks. (1929) Observers believed that stock market prices in the first 6 months of 1929 were high, while others saw them to be cheap. (1929) On October 3rd, the Dow Jones median(a) began to drop, declining through the week of October 14th. (1929)On the night of Monday, October 21st, 1929, margin c onlys were heavy and Dutch and German c entirelys came in from overseas to sell overnight for the Tuesday morning opening. (1929) On Tuesday morning, distant banks and corporations sent in $150 million of call loans, and Wall Street was in a panic before the New York Stock Exchange opened. (1929)On Thursday, October 24th, 1929, people began to sell their stocks as fast as they could. Sell orders flooded the market exchanges. (1929) This day became known as Black Thursday. (Black Thursday) On a normal day, only 750-800 members of the New York Stock Exchange started the exchange. (1929) There were 1100 members on the point for the morning opening. (1929) Furthermore, the exchange directed all employees to be on the floor since there were numerous margin calls and sell orders placed overnight. Extra telephone staff was also arranged at the members boxes around the floor. (1929) The Dow Jones Average closed at 299 that day. (1929)On Tuesday, October 29th, 1929, the crash began. (1929) Within the first few hours, the price fell so far as to wipe out all gains that had been made the entire previous year. (1929) This day the Dow Jones Average would close at 230. (1929) Between October 29th, and November 13 over 30 billion dollars disappeared from the American economy. (1929) It took nearly 25 years for ma ny of the stocks to recover. (1929)By mid November, the value of the New York Stock Exchange listings had dropped over 40%, a loss of $26 billion. (1929-1931) At one point in the crash tickers were 68 minutes behind. (1929-1931) An average of about $50,000,000 a minute was wiped out on the exchange. (1929-1931) A few investors that lost all of their money jumped to their deaths from office buildings.