Dolch Sight Words for Kindergarten to Third Grade

The Dolch Word Lists were developed by Edward W. Dolch. He researched English text he found published in the United States and found those words that show up the most in text. Some of those words are decodable, because they follow general phonemic and spelling rules for English. Many, however, are not decodable but instead are irregular, meaning they do not follow the rules of English. Over 50 - 75% of the most commonly used words are found in the Dolch List below. The Dolch Lists are among the most highly respected tools in the field of reading instruction, and are critical for creating meaning in text—using those common verbs, articles, and conjunctions to make words into language.   The Dolch lists are also valuable for word walls. Word walls provide a dictionary for emerging writers as well as readers, as they look to find the words they need to write. Dolch created a spiraling list of sight words that builds from grades to grades. You can add words from the lists to your word wall as you expand your students skills through appropriate pre-primer or primer decodable books, which will have many of the sight words. Then, you can encourage your students to use the word wall words in writing samples. Still, the goal should be to write to communicate, not write to meet some teachers requirements. Students with reading and language difficulties often dislike writing tasks—make them fun and make them about communicating their meaning and they will flex their writing muscles! How to Use the Dolch Words: Play games with them, cut the cards out and use them as flash cards.Use oral reading activities with the cards. Hold up the word, and use a sentence with a blank prompting the child to state the word. For instance: I liked that movie so much that I watched it _________ (again).Use and oral cloze activity, placing three cards, one that fills the cloze. You can have the child point to the correct word. This is especially good for children with reading skills but apraxia. i.e. John went to the park to (swim, and, the.)Shuffle the Dolch cards, turn them over one at a time and use them in a sentence.Have students go back and highlight (and correct, when necessary) the word wall words in their journal entries or free writing.   Daily routine use of the words will build reading confidence. For students with learning disabilities, these words can be learned developmentally, beginning with the pre-primer list.  There are five lists offering appropriate words for the  Pre-Primer,  Primer, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, and  3rd Grade  reading levels. Word cards for all 44 spelling sounds  are available and can be great additions to your spelling program and word walls.

How Rap Music Is The Best Results - 1259 Words

They monitored his performance in a swimming pool in Cheltenham and the sea in Florida and were able to determine soundtracks which produced the best results, after trialing roughly 100 songs. The successful tracks saw Mr. Hooper’s speed, improve by 10 percent as well as fatigue and effort levels improve.† With Dr. Collins’ research proved to be successful, he said â€Å"it was songs which had lyrics containing an â€Å"emotional resonance† that produced the best results and this was more important than tempo and rhythm.† For mental health, in Pete Cashmore’s article, he says â€Å"rap music, says the Cambridge University department of psychiatry, and is therapeutic for those of us experiencing mental health issues. Cashmore expresses how â€Å"rap music†¦show more content†¦Thankfully, Dr. Brookter caught the error and I fixed it. While the rest see Hip-Hop/Rap music as a black music genre that talks about money and women. But through the eyes of Rap fans and artists alike, Rap stands for Rhythm and Poetry. It craved a tapestry of exposing social issues that America would never shed light on. This will ensure everybody that Hip-Hop/Rap is for everyone. Throughout this survey, my educated guess on the students is whenever they listen to Hip-Hop/Rap music, it is based on how they perceive and interpret the music because most students find ways to use Rap to express themselves. Whether the students use the music for relaxation, workouts, or school, Rap music is for everyone who wants to hear it. But, in the survey, WCU student surveyors say collegians listen to Rap through popularity. I realized that at WCU, college students that listen to Rap music are split into two listening categories: lyrically and musically. Those that listen to Rap are interested in it for the sound while the others listen to the music itself. Rap reinvented the world of music through its exponential rhymes and explosive beats. During its emergence in the 1980s, Rap began to evolve from party songs to socially conscious songs. Through the 90s, Rap reached commercial status through the movies, clothes, and television. Yet, the music has faced obscurity for having

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

Question: Discuss about the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation. Answer: Bakery is one of the leading bakery businesses in the Australia, which operates its business over the last 50 years. Similar to other bakers, it mixes and bakes the ingredients according to special recipes in order to make a variety of bread. It also produces confectionery products in its products line. These products are sold to the different business, including the supermarkets, pub chains, grocers, wholesalers, restaurants and institutional food services (Abduljalil and Zainuddin, 2015). It has mixed customer base with the some of the prominent businesses and its own customers. B Bakery is a family-owned firm, which is running since last 50 years. In this, more than 70 employees are working on the different positions and designations. The firms sales revenue has reached more than 13.5 million during the past year. In the context of the financial performance, the firm performance has remained mixed over the years. But, from the last few years, B Bakery has been achieving growth in the financial position. It is because the company has launched a new product line in the healthy food segment, which is getting good responses from the customers. A bakery business is required different processes or activities such as production, supply chain management, marketing, accounts, human resource and sales process. As a business firm, B Bakery is responsible for producing and distributing the better quality product in order to maintain the profitable working environment (Becker, et al., 2013). In this, B Bakery follows some significant business activities/ processes. Its primary activity is the production of the various delicious bakery goods and confectionary products. This process includes measuring and mixing ingredients according to a particular recipe of the product. Once the production process is completed, the products cut and roll under the recipe. The final task in the production process is packaging the products (Hall, 2012). These products are supplied to a number of different businesses including supermarkets and pub-chains through effective supply chain system. The use of effective supply chain system enables the firm to distribute the products at different places quickly. In this, all the employees, resources and activities are involved in the supply of the products (Jeston and Nelis, 2014). Along with this, there are 70 employees in the B Bakery so, human resource management is also a significant activity of the B Bakery. It is because there is a need to properly arrange the employee on the different activities such as production, accounting, marketing, supply and other activities. Inventory management is also a significant activity of the bakery business. It provides accurate information of the available store in the warehouse (Chang, 2016). B Bakery also maintains its accounts to meet the issues related business accounting. It also helps the company to identify the cost of the production and determine the price of products. The accounting system enables the firm to find out the loss and profit over the year. It allows the firm to control the extraordinary expenses (Onaolapo and Odetayo, 2012). Instead of this, there are also some significant activities in the bakery business such as: Check and measure the quality of the various ingredients Prepare and arrangement of the necessary equipment for production Maintain the temperature of ovens and climate Pricing and measuring the weight of the product Thus, for running a bakery business effectively, there is required to take care of all the essential business processes. Software Selection Categories of Accounting Software There are various categories of accounting software such as low, medium and high-end categories. As the B Bakery is one of the medium to higher scale business organisations, the medium category of accounting software would be effective to manage the accounting functions as well as other activities and processes significantly. It is because the medium type of accounting software supports the organisation to grow continuously at the time of increasing in size and complexity. The use of medium sized accounting software would also provide various features to B Bakery in terms of handling transactions in different currencies (Scot, 2010). Due to this, the firm can operate its business and financial activities in effective ways while achieving considerable profits in the national and international marketplace. The medium type of accounting software is also suitable for B Bakery because this type of accounting software supports the firms to manage the other activities such as employee payroll, reports, stock, POS, and billing. It can support B Bakery to operate its business activities in smooth ways without any complexity. At the same time, the use of a medium type of accounting software is also effective for B Bakery in order to use the varieties of modules and interfaces (Hohpe and Woolf, 2012). Through this, the firm can effectively use the software from different operating systems, web-browsers and hosted solutions. But, at the same time, it is also found that sometimes, the software in this category may be expensive that create an extra burden on the firm related to the finance. But, the benefits of the medium type of accounting software are high that mitigate the limitations. The use of a medium type of accounting software is also effective for B Bakery in terms of easily accessing the programs and data from anywhere and anytime, which will be supportive in taking informed decisions related to the business operations significantly (Granneman, 2011). Vendor Selection Compare and Contrast the Features of Two Accounting Software In the medium category of accounting software, there are various accounting software vendors in Australia such as SAP, MYOB, Xero, Zoho, Sage and QuickBooks that offers different accounting software packages with different features and functionality for the businesses. In this, two accounting software packages such as Sages 50C and SAPs Business One are selected under the medium category of accounting software (Lewis, 2014). It is found that Sages 50C is one of the reliable accounting software packages, which has different features and functionalities. One of the features of Sages 50C is that it easily access to built-in payment and payroll processing, which significantly support the firms to not only focus on the accounting transactions but also concern on employees engagement (Curtis, 2014). This feature can be effective for the firms to retain their employees for long-run. In contrast to this, the use of SAPs Business One accounting software is also supportive for the firm in terms of capturing all the business information in a single and scalable system. Due to this, the firm can receive information and data on time, which can be effective in making informed decisions related to the business growth. In comparison to Sages 50C, the Business One accounting software supports the small and medium size businesses by integrating all the business activities. Through this, firms enable to develop the effective database to meet the future needs and expectations easily (Broady and Roland, 2011). On the other hand, Sages 50C accounting software is feature-rich desktop accounting software, which is also accessible to mobile and generates invoices, expense management and automated bank feed to support the business at a great level (Kelly, 2012). But, on the other hand, SAPs Business One accounting software aligns with different 14 functional modules, which enable the firms to use this software effectively to deal with the business complexity. These functional modules include financials, sales opportunities, sales A/R, purchasing A/R, business partner, banking, payroll HR, logistics, operations, CRM, resources, production, project management, and inventory. These functional modules cover almost all the typical functions of a business and support the firms to operate their business activities in easy ways (Okungbowa, 2015). Similar to this, one of the features of Sages 50C is related to the management of inventory and automated purchase orders, which enable the organisations to manage their inventory significantly. It also positively impacts on the profitability of the businesses, as they enable to save cost and time to manage their inventories (Kelly, 2012). At the same time, Business One provides executives and managers with instant access to critical business information, which helps them to make informed and sound business decisions that also support in reducing the complex administrative work. Due to this, the firms also achieve smooth growth in the competitive business environment. In comparison to this, Sages 50C accounting software has the feature of managing project based work, which supports the firm to eliminate the guesswork significantly. In this, the accounting software is fully integrated with customers, vendor and employee modules, which significantly support the firm to track expenses and create budgets during the specific projects (Curtis, 2014). Along with this, it is also found that both the accounting software can be operated through different operating systems such as Windows, Android, and Mac platforms, which enable the businesses to use this software effectively to make informed decisions related to the business growth. In SAPs Business One, real-time reporting is one of the features that support the businesses to analyse the recent data and information on the basis of reports (Okungbowa, 2015). Due to this, the firms get accurate information about the business performance and make better decisions to provide growth to the business in the future. Most Suitable Software Package After analysing the two accounting software packages such as SAPs Business One and Sages 50C, it can be recommended to B Bakery that SAPs Business One will be one of the best-suited accounting software. It is because through this software, the firm can easily focus on the different business functions and processes such as accounting finance, sales CRM, inventory and distribution, purchasing and operations real-time reporting, and mobility, which is not get by using Sages 50C as it mainly focuses on the accounting process within the firm (Broady and Roland, 2011). At the same time, the adoption of Business One accounting software is also best suited for the firm because this software supports the multi-currency transactions. It is found that the Business One supports for exchange rate changes for the specific transaction, which can be effective for B Bakery to expand its business operations and deal with the accounting complexities effectively (Curtis, 2014). Along with this, the selection of Business One is also suited to B Bakery in terms of developing a better relationship with customers. It is because the Business One accounting software package integrates the CRM module as a part of the software functionality. It can enhance the ability of the firm to track activities, sales opportunities, campaign management and service contract. Due to this, the firm can develop the long-run and stable relationship with the customers by providing tasty bakery products and services to them (Okungbowa, 2015). At the same time, as the B Bakery is in its growing phase in which, the selection of Business One accounting software is most effective because, through this, the firm can effectively manage its inventories. It is because the Business One accounting software has the most up-to-date and in-depth inventory information module that can support the firm to take informed business decisions (Wisner, 2016). SAP is also a most suited accounting software vendor for B Bakery because the vendor has different add-ons that can be effective in providing integrated accounting software package to the firm. Due to this, B Bakery can make effective reporting of financial data and information that can be supportive in making informed decisions related to the business sales and growth (Curtis, 2014). At the same time, the SAPs Business One also has an effective, fast, and flexible database management system that performs well with a large amount of users and transaction volume. Through this, B Bakery can effectively expand its business operations and add new employees and other stakeholders to achieve business growth in the new and competitive business environment. Through this software, the firm can effectively develop its different strategies and plans such as marketing, sales, production, supply chain and inventory management that can directly affect the business activities as well as work environment (Wisner, 2016). Due to this, the firm can effectively achieve the growth in the national and international business environment. Along with this, for the B Bakery, the Business One accounting software is also suitable in terms of making a clear picture of the business operations. It is because this accounting software helps the firms in reporting and administration by creating managing and distributing reports (Wisner, 2016). Due to this, the firm can get a clear picture of the business that can also be supportive in making effective strategies, plans and decisions that can foster the business in the right way. References Abduljalil, K. and Zainuddin, Y. (2015) Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation as Attitude Factors towards Adoption of Accounting Information System (AIS) In Libyan SMEs. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 5(1), pp.161-170. Becker, J., Kugeler, M. and Rosemann, M. eds. (2013) Process management: a guide for the design of business processes. Germany: Springer Science Business Media. Broady, D. V. and Roland, H. A. (2011) SAP GRC for Dummies. USA: John Wiley Sons. Chang, J.F. (2016) Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. USA: CRC Press. Curtis, V. (2014) Bookkeeping Essentials for Dummies Australia. Australia: John Wiley Sons. Granneman, S. (2011) Mac OS X Snow Leopardfor Power Users: Advanced Capabilities and Techniques. USA: Apress. Hall, J.A. (2012) Accounting information systems. USA: Cengage Learning. Hohpe, G. and Woolf, B. (2012) Enterprise Integration Patterns: Designing, Building, and Deploying Messaging Solutions. UK: Addison-Wesley. Jeston, J. and Nelis, J. (2014) Business process management. UK: Routledge. Kelly, J. (2012) Sage 50 Accounts For Dummies. USA: John Wiley Sons. Lewis, J. (2014) The Book You Need Before You Buy That Accounting Software: How Find, Buy and Implement the Best Accounting Software Solution For Your Business. Australia: Evolve Systems Distribution Pty Ltd. Okungbowa, A. (2015) SAP ERP Financial Accounting and Controlling: Configuration and Use Management. USA: Apress. Onaolapo, A.A. and Odetayo, T.A. (2012) Effect of Accounting Information System on Organisational Effectiveness: A Case Study of Selected Construction Companies in Ibadan, Nigeria. American Journal of Business and Management, 1(4), pp.183-189. Scot, L. (2010) The Simplified Guide to Not-for-Profit Accounting, Formation and Reporting. USA: John Wiley Sons. Wisner, J. D. (2016) Operations Management: A Supply Chain Process Approach. USA: SAGE Publications.

La Story free essay sample

Rhetorical Analysis Alec Waugh, a British novelist once said, â€Å"you can fall in love at first sight with a place as with a person†. A place can have so much character to not only make a person fall in love at first sight, but to keep that person entranced by love for the place. The city one might picture is Paris the city of love or the islands of Hawaii. However, this city is not the typical city that comes to mind. It is the city with busy streets and beautiful people, Los Angeles. The beaches of Los Angeles can be breathtaking, but it is the personality of Los Angeles that keeps a person around. A story based on a life of a Los Angeles native portrays the city as a land of opportunity. L. A. Story is a romantic comedy set in the city of Los Angeles which â€Å"tells the story of Harris K. We will write a custom essay sample on La Story or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Telemacher, an L. A. weatherman who falls in and out of love with the aid of a talking freeway sign†(wiki). The city is portrayed to be as a character itself with the ideas of the two people that created the story. Mick Jackson, the director, started out as a British television and movie director, while his partner Steve Martin, the screenwriter, is an American comedian and writer.With their differing perspective of the city, they are able to create a world for their Los Angeles resident audience and their foreign audience to fall in love with. Jackson and Martin use situational humor to portray exaggerated stereotypes of the film to convince those interested in Los Angeles of the possibilities the city has to offer. The ridiculous portrayal of the city is exemplified by the driving of Harris Telemacher in the early scenes of the movie. The stereotype of the people of Los Angeles having terrible driving skills is played through Harris.As he leaves for his day to work he skips all of the traffic by going through all of his neighbors’ yards. The part that makes one smile in these unreal scenes is the neighbor’s waving to him as he drives through their yards and checking the time to see if he is on time, and he even fixes his hair ignoring the road in front of him while he cuts across the entire block. This exaggeration of Los Angeles drivers not only give the audience a chuckle, but it presents the idea of how Los Angeles as a city sends a message of how opportunities in the city and endless.The idea is implanted in one’s head of how such an impossible way of driving is actually possible for Harris. This situational humor is an exaggerated stereotype of the reckless drivers in Los Angeles, and the exaggeration in this scene captures the audience’s attention and convinces them about the outrageous possibilities one may have in the city of Los Angeles. This scene is so farfetched that only by living in the city of Los Angeles a person would have the thought to drive recklessly along the pavement and t hrough alleys.The situational humor is there for the audience to see the likelihood of something like this to happen for them to be encouraged about how the city is opportunistic. Jackson and Martin use these embellished conventions of the city and incorporate it into a â€Å"fanciful romantic comedy whose wildest and craziest notion is that Los Angeles, for all of its eccentricities, is a great place to live† (Camby). The portrayal of Harris driving carelessly is important to persuade the audience of how impossibility can turn into possibilities in the city of Los Angeles. A horrific natural disaster is actually common in the L. A. rea, but with the masterminds of Jackson and Martin, a moment usually known for destruction, they make into a funny incident. At the first encounter Harris has with his love interest Sara, an earthquake disrupts their time at lunch. However in the movie, for those that were accustomed to the life in Los Angeles were not affected by the earthquake at all. Sara looks around in confusion as everyone remains the same while their food and drinks fall over the table in the massive earthquake. This obvious overstatement of Los Angeles quakes and the character’s reactions to them is another situation where the rhetors use comedy into play.Although these occurrences of earthquakes are very frequent in Los Angeles, they are not enough for a person living in Los Angeles to ignore it completely and keep going along their business. The contrast between the reactions of those that live in Los Angeles and those that are foreign are presented in this scene to accentuate the absurdity in the scene. Sara looks around dumbfounded as everyone sits still going about their conversations. The foreign and non- foreign audiences are able to appreciate this humorous moment of exaggerated stereotype and engage in the spread of the message.The idea being portrayed here is the fantasy element in the movie. This invention of a place where earthquakes are an everyday occurrence gives the audience the message that in Los Angeles they can also make their fantasy reality. Because these stereotypes are so specific to the city it allows the audience to recognize the many characteristics that Los Angeles has compared to another city. The earthquake portrayed in the scene is so exaggerated it presents the audience how a scene so unreal can be made into reality which gives them idea of how in Los Angeles their dreams can be made into reality.Another particular characteristic that is portrayed of Los Angeles are the ridiculous names that people have in the city. With the many love interests Harris has in the movie, he meets a younger valley girl named â€Å"SanDeE*†. Although her name is not uncommon, the point she makes about the spelling is the situational humor that is portrayed through exaggeration of the outrageous names people have. She is â€Å"the ‘manic pixie dream girl’ type, SanDeE* is— as [one] might discern from the spelling of her name, which includes the star at the end— a bit immature and flaky† (Cam pbell).This absurd portrayal of Los Angeles is like SanDeE*’s absurd spelling of her name. Not only is the spelling of her name another exaggeration of the atypical things people in Los Angeles do, it is the representation of how in Los Angeles one can be anybody and do anything they want, even add a star to the end of their name. Examples of people having unusual names are apparent in Hollywood, with celebrities like Chris Martin and Gwyneth Paltrow naming their child Apple, or Sting and Frances Tomelty naming their baby girl Fuchsia (Crerar).However, Jackson and Martin take it another step up and take her names spelling and adding a star at the end of it to make the name even more ridiculous. With this exaggeration, the audience is given the message that in Los Angeles anything is possible, even having your name spelled with a star at the end or maybe even a hyphen. The audience is engaged in the message of the movie because of the humor that Jackson and Martin use in these exaggerations of the situations.The audience that lives in Los Angeles can relate to this and und erstand how this is unlikely and understand the comedic aspect and are able to relate this to the message of the possibility in Los Angeles. The audience that does not live in the city can also understand the message the rhetors are trying to present with their sense of unusualness of the name being spelled like that too. The effect of the rhetors understanding where their audience is coming from gives them a better idea of what type of humor to use. This is why the conventional view of Los Angeles is presented in exaggeration to show the fantasy of the movie.This fantasy gives the audience the idea of the possibility they can find in the city. Los Angeles, known for its streets filled with robbers and thieves is portrayed in a humorous way when Jackson and Martin use situational humor to exaggerate this stereotype. Harris and SanDeE*, just after finishing dinner, wait in line to pull out money of an ATM machine. The unusual part of this scene is in the background where they are actually on the opposite line of a bunch of robbers who are waiting to take their money after they get it out of the ATM machine.Harris gives hands them money as if it is a routine that everyone in Los Angeles is use to. Of course people know that this definitely does not happen, but this exaggeration gets a chuckle out of the audience. This scene is not meant to frighten the audience how robbers will take their money if they were to visit Los Angeles because it is portrayed in a satirical way. This comical scene is another example of the message Jackson and Martin convey to the audience. Harris creates a world that makes it seem like everything is from his imagination.How his imagination is actually portrayed through his life shows the audience that if they are in Los Angeles they can make their fantasy a reality also. This scene is so farfetched that the audience is able to believe that anything in their wildest dreams can even be made into something real. The situational humor of the ATM machine focuses on the stereotype and evidently is able to convince those that are interested in Los Angeles that their biggest dreams can come true. The most apparent example of showing how the city brings possibility is when the characters observe a painting with their own interpretation.The scene is with Harris and his friend admiring a painting. However, the camera angle comes from the canvas itself so the only image that is shown to the audience is the face and reaction of Harris and his friends. They describe the painting and their feelings towards it with remarks like, â€Å"look at the way he’s holding her, it’s almost filthy†. The anticipation to see the actual painting is finally resolved when the camera moves and the audience is left to see that the painting is a rectangular mix of red paint. This funny moment is of the stereotype of the artists of Los Angeles.People in Los Angeles are so eclectic and modern their paintings can be interpreted in so many ways. It is directly relatable to the message how in Los Angeles one can live any way they want. Nothing can stop them from believing in what they can and cannot do. The characters can interpret the painting any way they like and no one is stopping them from saying it is wrong. However they completely exaggerated their interpretations of the painting saying how a man is holding a woman and clearly there is no apparent picture or outline of an actual person.The audience laughs at the ridiculous comments they make about the painting only to understand the message that is presented to them in this humorous way. Their exaggerated comments on the painting allow the audience to also think in the same ways as the characters. Jackson and Martin are able to use this situational humor to present the possibilities in Los Angeles. The possibilities of analyzing a painting relates to the possibilities of the city itself.For the characters it is possible that the painting is filthy and dirty to portray the message of how the audience can think or do anything they wanted and it can be a possibility. Throughout the movie, the city is given a voice to communicate to Harris. This character of Los Angeles is portrayed through the talking freeway sign. From the beginning Harris encountered this sign which gave him advice about his life and helped him through his time of confusion. The sign was very humorous because it was so unlikely for an actual sign to be communicating with an actual person.This situational humor of how Harris stand their actually speaking to the freeway sign is another example of how the audience is encouraged to believe the opportunities Los Angeles has to offer. Harris begins to trust this sign and after just one conversation with it, does not think that it is at all weird. The audience believes that anything is possible in Los Angeles because Harris makes it possible that a freeway sign can help him with his life and able to talk to him. This scene conveys to the audience that in Los Angeles anything can happen; their dreams can become a reality, even a freeway sign can come to life.

Eli Pritchard Essays (1159 words) - Military, Zhou Dynasty, Sun Tzu

Eli Pritchard Instructor Sylvia Gray History 106 19 January 2016 The Art of War: Fire and spies Throughout the duration of Sun Tzu's The Art of War we are treated to varied advice on how to conduct war intelligently and cautiously, but nothing encompasses these principles quite like fire and spy's. The tactics used with are almost unlike Sun Tzu rapid (of course with some ground rules), and as he himself put it, "Attack supported fire is indefensible"(Huang 109). Sun Tzu's Fire tactics are lessons in how to employ a dangerous weapon like fire, but at the same time like with any of Sun Tzu's tactics with caution. The second and perhaps cumulative of Sun Tzu's lessons is general is Espionage; in fact war through knowledge is key to the majority of Sun Tzu's Principles. While it is true that Sun Tzu gives specific instructions on how to use certain variables (Like Terrain) knowing beforehand what the strengths and weaknesses of the enemy is what gives way to victory. Spies and Fire are two of the Ideas at the very heart of Sun Tzu's tactics, In other words wars fought with inte lligence and caution. Fire The Tactic of Fire is more or less an instruction set on how to use fire in armed conflicts, and a summary of how caution is important in war. Beyond having the proper conditions for fire (dry climate and high winds) Sun Tzu outlines fire's uses and what to set fire to, moreover specific targets like troops, supplies, vehicles and escape routes. Fire is a tactic unlike any in The Art of War as there is no predefined beneficial ruleset to take into battle, only observation that can be made in battle like not getting burned or not fighting down wind. There is a powerful tool to be found within fire, but Sun Tzu reveals in his conclusion to fire the innate relationship between politics and strategic victory. An Effective political strategy can achieve military victory (and vice versa), More importantly that either type of strategy must be rational in nature to be effective. Fire is powerful but altogether risky tool, and power in Sun Tzu's Art of War does not make for a sound politic al or military victory only caution and rationality. Fire in a modern context One of the best modern examples of the concept of fire and its political interplay is the political/military relationship between air strikes and human shields. While the meaning of air strike is really self-explanatory (a missile strike by air) human shields needs definition, in short it is the tactic of putting civilians on important military targets to prevent air strikes. Human shields have been implemented since the Persian Gulf War in 1991(Tucker 541) and as recently as 2006 by both the IDF and HAMAS in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict (Tucker 543). Air Strikes like fire pose a powerful threat to the enemy but when not enacted with caution they are a distinct political and military detriment due to human shields. Likewise human shields are seemingly a modern political counter to air strikes, but overall they pose a distinct political risk to whomever uses them like with Hussein regime in 1990. Saddam Hussein in 1990 moved civilians to key strategic locations in an effort to protect these locations from air strikes (Tucker 542). After the release of several propaganda movies involving the human shields in 1991 Hussein released them due to newfound international pressure (Tucker 542). Like with fire (and human shields) seeking the most powerful political or military strategy leaves the fundamental rationality and caution needed to win wars vacant. Spys "So, as for enlightened lords or distinguished commanders, the reason they can overcome the adversary when action is taken and achieve unparalleled success is prescience"-Espionage, The Art of War Sun Tzu's writing on spies is more or less a summary of how to approach warfare in general, and this approach values knowledge above all other resources. First Sun Tzu Elaborates on the general types of spy's agents, moles, turn coats hidden provocation agents and mobile informants (Huang 113). Then instructions on how to best employ spies in warfare (or the specific type), specifically basic ground rules on what is required of a

The Protagonist Essays

The Protagonist Essays The Protagonist Essay The Protagonist Essay Have you of all time picked up a book and within proceedingss you couldn’t set it down? Have you felt a deep connexion with a character. yet at the same clip ; non understood why the characters do the things they do? The manner we connect with our favourite characters is no accident. The author’s resoluteness when authorship is for the reader to link with the supporter of their narratives. I know that The writer of Circumcision Pramoedya ( Prah-MOO-dia ) Ananta Toer exploits his narrator as his supporter because: he is the most cardinal character in the narrative. the writer uses him to arouse the reader’s emotions and feelings. and the storyteller goes through tests and trials. and creates a alteration in his character and transforms him in the narrative. I could easy state that the storyteller was the most cardinal character in the short narrative Circumcision . With the gap of the first sentence. I exhausted my eventides at the local supplication house larning to declaim the Quran. The storyteller starts to talk in the first individual point of position. Although this is non a clear indicant of him being the cardinal character. it does hold the reader wondering. Throughout the narrative the writer keeps reiterating the words my and I . and one time once more that truly puts accent on what the chief character is making and the connexion with the storyteller. As the writer develops the narrator’s character he defines him as a immature Muslim child who seems to be between the ages of eight and thirteen. Most of the undermentioned pages of the narrative are all about how the storyteller is traveling to be circumcised. The writer uses the storyteller to state his narrative and employs the sequences of events in his secret plan. A s the chief character of the narrative. the storyteller is built up through the trade of his writer. The writer uses his storyteller to catch the attending of the audience and bit by bit build commonalty with the reader. When the writer makes his storyteller more cosmopolitan the reader can associate with the writers fictional character. and derive entree to more dear feelings from the reader. The writer knows the character of his storyteller is of import. so he uses his character’s abilities to prosecute the reader. If the writer can hook his readers. so he genuinely has all their emotions and they will experience the sequence of events as his character does. The supporter harmonizing to Deblanco and Cheuse will have desires or objectives ( 84 ) . and it is these desires and aims in the narrative that engages me as I am reading. In the narrative. the storyteller has to fight with determinations that could impact his whole grownup life and whether or non he is traveling to be. in his eyes. a good Muslim . The writer has me desiring to go on reading the narrative to see if the storyteller will travel through with the Circumcision. He engages me and convey me in to his scene and I feel the narrator’s hurting and rejoice in his jubilations. The storyteller is the author’s supporter because a supporter largely overcomes hardship and grows from his state of affairs. The storyteller in the narrative is fighting with the pick to be circumcised or non. In the early portion of the narrative. the storyteller says If I haven’t been circumcised was I truly a good Muslim . In order for the supporter of a narrative to turn up. or transform. he must hold motivation and intent. The writer gives the storyteller intent and motive when the immature male child is told of all the fantastic things he will have when he is circumcised. As the storyteller is sitting in the chair. waiting for his bend at the knife. the suspense is constructing inside his caput. He says I was improbably scared. I wanted to be a good Muslim. but that wasn’t plenty to still my panic. Pramoedya ( Prah-MOO-dia ) Ananta Toer ( 98 ) . The writer uses this point in his narrative to construct up his lifting action. At this point in the narrative the storyteller is challenged with hardship and we are waiting to see what the authors’ declaration will be. As a consequence of the storyteller undergoing the process. he transforms from a immature male child to a immature Muslim adult male. In decision. the supporter of the short narrative Circumcision is the storyteller. He is the most cardinal character in the narrative. He is used to strike commonalty and evoke the reader’s emotions and feelings. and the storyteller grows through tests and trial. I hope that after reading the narrative and this analysis that most readers wil l hold.

The American government Its Principles Term Paper

The American government Its Principles - Term Paper Example The government of the United States is today still rooted in these five key principles of government. For instance, citizens of California are practicing popular sovereignty through endeavoring to recall Governor Davis (Ross 52). A debate over limited governance has arisen as the federal regime fights for more freedom to probe the personal lives of alleged terrorists (Ross 52). Bills are being proposed on a daily basis in Congress, which the President has veto power to ensure that federalism, checks and balances, as well as the separation of powers are incorporated in every facet of the Unites States government. The government is separated into three branches that are all governed by this principle. The three branches are the Legislative branch, the Executive branch, as well as the Judiciary branch. The American Constitution itself it governed by these principles, which also works in vice versa. This means that the American Constitution and these principles govern each other. This pa per will discuss the major principles of the American government, such as the rule of law and democracy, among others, and provide and analysis of the pros and cons of the issue making use of sources on both sides. Consent of the governed refers to a phrase of the U.S. Declaration of Independence (Lansford 97). Consent of the governed is synonymous with a political concept where the United States’ government moral right or legitimacy to apply state power is only legal and acceptable when founded on the society or people over which that political power is executed. The concept of consent, in the United States, was always compared to the divine right of rulers and has always been invoked against the authenticity of colonialism. Thinking in a similar way to that of English philosopher John Locke, consent of the governed dictates a nation be established upon the consent of equal and free citizens is a country of happiness

Eassy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Eassy - Essay Example No wonder, the writer compared it to today’s terrorism rather than calling it a war. Since Warfare differs from terrorism in that the violent actions in the former are aimed at the combatants on each side and public generally is made aware that a war has erupted. Terrorist acts target innocent people deliberately. In warfare, innocents are not the primary targets. But this definition of war does not apply to Hiroshima bombing. Berger further proves his point as: â€Å"The two bombs dropped on Japan were terrorist actions. The calculation was terrorist. The discriminacy was terrorist. The small groups of terrorists operating today are, by comparison, humane killers" (273). The writer supports his comment by saying that terrorists also attack unaware common people at the railway station, in the market or people going home after the work. The war and terrorism are the evils and it is first duty of human kind to fight against evils and preserve life. This concept of ‘evil’, however, has been abandoned and it remains just an adjective today. The writer also discloses that today’s terrorists are from small nation who have dispute over large powers while Hiroshima atom bomb attack was made on a nation that had conceded defeat and was ready for negotiations (273). â€Å"While doctor and nurses at hospitals across the city tended to hundreds of damaged people, a disquieting sense grew throughout the day at other triage centers and emergency rooms that there, would, actually be less work: the morgues were going to be busiest.† (418) In the normal life, even a distant thought of a loved one’s death creates fear and we scold ourselves for such a thing, but seeing the gory dance of death and losing precious lives due to such outrageous and mindless violent act is unbelievable to most of us. A war without principles and terrorism are both extremely cowardly deeds. He continues: â€Å"But the real carnage was concealed for now by the twisted, smoking,

Terms Modernism and Postmodernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Terms Modernism and Postmodernism - Essay Example The essay "Terms Modernism and Postmodernism" analyzes modernism and postmodernism and focuses on the theory of Post-Colonialism. There is not a single unanimously agreed definition of modernism and different scholars have defined it differently. Despite the absence of any agreed definition of modernism, all of the definitions of modernism talk about the changes in art, literature, business, and even in the daily lives of individuals because of the industrial revolution and formation of the industrial cities. In academic studies, modernism is a philosophical movement or is a particular perspective of looking at the universe and examining the activities of daily life. Modernism is the movement that shakes off all traditional things including religious belief from individuals’ lives and tries to make everything new. The movement encourages experimentation in every field and, therefore, new perspectives emerge. The effect of the modernism is conspicuous in art and literature as w ell. In literature, the writers reject the traditional method of writing smooth narrative fiction and â€Å"stream of consciousness† emerges as the replacement of the old narrative. The emergence of â€Å"abstract art† and â€Å"diversionist paintings† is the results of modernism. The philosophical movement of modernism starts in late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It is â€Å"a set of ideas†. Post-modernism is also a kind of philosophical movement at the development either scientifically or non- scientifically in every walk of life.

Study And Definition Of Total Quality Management Management Essay

Study And Definition Of Total Quality Management Management Essay W. Edwards Deming firstly introduced TQM (Total Quality Management) in 1950s in Japan. It is a modern quality management based on the conventional quality management. Along with the development of science and technology as well as the requirement of management, it has become a strong systematic science. It is a philosophy that involves everyone in an organization with a frequent effort improving quality and achieving customer satisfaction (Boyne and George.2002). Feigenbaum, the famous experts from the United States, gave the definition of TQM in the early 1960s as follows: to be able to make market research, design, manufacturing and after-sales service in the most economical level, and fully meeting customer requirements (Chiaburu and Dan, 2005). Moreover, the quality development, quality maintenance and the quality improvement of various departments in the enterprise constitute an effective integrated system. Specifically, TQM implies main ideas that are, strong customer focus, continuous improvement, and employee authorisation. From the perspective of present and future, the customer has become roles that should never be neglected. Customer-centered management model is gradually being attached great importance by enterprises (Chiaburu and Dan, 2005). TQM focus on customer value and the leading idea is customer satisfaction and recognition is the key to gain market create value for long-term. Therefore, TQM must be taking Customer-centered throughout the enterprise management process, that is in all aspects, from market research to product design, sample, production, inspection, warehousing, sales and after-sales service, it is important to establish the customer priority attitude firmly, not only to produce affordable products, but also good services for customers, and ultimately make customer satisfaction assured. Continuous improvement is a philosophy of never-ending improvement. TQM is a commitment that could never to be satisfied, the quality that can always be improved, There is always a better choice beyond the best. Under the guidance of this concept, enterprises improve the product, service quality and reliability continuously, all of which ensure to access a competitive advantage. As for employee empowerment, TQM enables workers on production line to join in the improvement process and uses the form of teams extensively to identify and solve problems (Grote, 2000). Employees are expected to seek out, identify, and correct quality problems. Besides, some other aspects are also important, such as ongoing employee training in the use of quality tools, design products to meet customer expectations; process management; and extend quality concepts to a companys suppliers. Improvement of TQM cause what kind of improvements of relationship between customers and front line staff? Total quality management means that everyone should be responsible for quality, which not only refers to the quality of the product, but also refers to the quality of services. Meanwhile, the quality of service is not limited to customer service, but also refers to the service for company employees, such as co-ordination among the colleagues, the convergence between departments etc. Nevertheless, everything in the company, should give customers and consumers a good impression (Longnecker and Nykodym, 2000). Therefore, if the concept of TQM is deep into the heart of the staff and implemented effectively, it will guide the staff to give good customer services, so that make customer satisfaction. More importantly, it can improve the relationship between employees and customers. Take the following case as an example: if an employee fails to be motivated by the leader, he may not take active contribution in the meeting to identify problems and to find solutions in the process. What is worse is that he may work passively; his team spirit will be reduced, which will have a negative impact on the whole company. Conversely, if the manager can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of each employee, the departments team spirit will certainly be fully exposed, and the overall objective of the company will be achieved to meet the customers wants, needs and desires. Therefore, it can be effective to strengthen the skills and quality consciousness of workers (Rainey and Pandey, 2000). The following steps are creating appropriately incentive, training the sense of ownership and efficiency in all staffs, and strengthening the sense of Teamwork. All these will make the internal staff work with enthusiasm, thus the target customers will get first-class product and high-standard se rvice quality. How to improve? To improve the TQM, it is necessary to know what customers want, more importantly, understand customers psychology, all of which requires doing market research ahead of time. Then the production of qualified products and quality services should be provided for customers to meet their needs and desires (Janssen and Yperen, 2004). A Significant feature of Total quality management is the preventive, that is to change the after checking to strengthening the idea of advance prevention, and make management results as the management factor. So it is necessary to make clear factors, which affect product quality during the production process. They are Man, Machine, Material, and Method (Rainey and Bozeman, 2000). In the four main factors, the man is the most vital one. Whether the equipment operation, maintenance, or the acceptance and check of materials, and even the compliance and improvement of method, that all depend on workers intelligence and enthusiasm, so they play a most important role during the whole process. Machine (Equipment) management includes the early detection of equipment daily maintenance and appropriate measures and certain standards of maintenance and regular adjustment. Material managements are to enhance the acceptance, improve the storage method, and avoid the damage and the metamorphism of material and so on. As for the method, the best operation method should be standardized, written, and introduced to the workers (Hui and Lam, 2000). All in all, it is necessary to apply the PDCA cycle during the process. That is carrying out all the plans with the quality as the centre basing on full participation. The PDCA cycle is also called Deming Wheel or Continuous Improvement Spiral that is Plan-Do-Check-Action cycle showed in the following graph. In other words, plan is to analyse the situation, identify problems to find out the major factors of the reasons and at last develop an action plan. Do is to carry out the plan. Check is to Check the implementation results of the plan, and A is to sum up the successful experience and develop an appropriate standards, at last ,take the unresolved or emerging issues into the next PDCA cycle ¼Ã‹â€ Briggs and Charlotte, 2003 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. Specifically, it is appropriate to seek for what the customer wants at first, and then design a product or service that meets or exceeds customer wants, further more, design processes that facilitate doing the job right the first time, and keep track of results at last to extend these concepts to suppliers. Brief description Hyatt is a globally recognized hospitality company with more than fifty-year history. The Hyatt regency sanctuary cove is a five-star resort hotel and this hotel has a traditional Queensland homestead style. It is also in a beautiful position amid lush, tropical gardens. This resort hotel features a colonial design that is an elegant reminder of former times, offering a unique blend of Australian hospitality and sophistication. There are different types of rooms offered in Hyatt regency sanctuary cove hotel. King room, twin room, lagoon view king, lagoon view twin, club king, club twin, Queenslander suit, homestead suit, federation suite and manor suit. There are 14 dedicated meeting rooms, conference and banquet facilities accommodating groups of 10 to 500. Each room has different types of amenities such as balcony, individual heat control, separate sitting area and so on. This hotel provides special offers to government, AAA or CAA members, senior citizens and corporate or group members. There are variety of services and facilities such as 24-hour in-room dining and resort security, shuttle bus service, Camp Hyatt that offers parents free time to enjoy gym and playing golf while their kids are engaging exciting activities, laundry and valet service and 24-hour medical centre. And also wineries and gourmet trails, national park and waterfalls, theme parks surround this hotel and they are easy to reach from the hotel. TQM implementation process Total quality management is applicable to all kinds of businesses. On the other hand, it is more difficult for hospitality industries to implement TQM because products are intangible, services are produced and consumed at the same time and customers values are different (Vrtodusic, 2000). As Hyatt hotel is well known on the tourist market and the guests are recognising it as a good four-star hotel, it is important to have continuous improvement to keep the business healthy. In hotel industries, people participant in rendering particular services cope directly with other people every day and for that reason they are required to be extremely sensitive to exceed the personal needs, wants and desires (Lakhe and Mohanty, 1995). One of the best ways to achieve quality improvement is obtained by focusing on its customers concerns. By surveying its customers and owners in related to safe operating procedures, attitude, degree of communication, service delivery system and performance, the hot el can improve its TQM effectively. Hyatt must identify and choose processes that are to be of interest to the committee and also likely to give reasonable results. Its reservation processes, from the time guests make bookings until they arrive at their room can be an example. In order to improve and identify this process, first, meetings need to be held with the managers of departments who are directly involved in the process. Second, interviews need to be done with its staff, and lastly observation of the processes is needed (Saunders and Graham 1992). Through these steps, measurement points can be identified such as timeliness, integrity, predictability and satisfaction (See Appendix 1). Hyatt hotel also need to provide quality-training programme. Employees, however, need to be trained from upper management to the in-house trainers and facilitators to emphasise the importance of training. For the management training, it needs to cover basic topics such as importance of customer s atisfaction, background, overview and benefit of TQM. More importantly, managers need to understand steps in implementing TQM, principles of team building and employee empowerment. Furthermore, non-supervisory employees need to be informed clearly about Hyatts vision, mission and guiding principles (Witt and Muhlemann, 1994). Empowerment is the most popular concept in modern management and organisation applications, which means giving workers responsibilities for solving customers complains. It makes employees more productive and esteemed (Wilkinson, 1998). In addition, it is important for employees to take a positive action to find out what went wrong. For instance, handling guests complains on the spot rather than asking their manager and fix it later will reduce the cost. There are some possible improvements when quality improvement teams are established. It will provide increased employee value, informed and skilled employees, employee suggestions and participation, and personal development. Feedback is also an important part of TQM. If Hyatt hotel can reduce the time between identifying guests needs and satisfying these needs, it might increase customer retention. Even though it is significant to increase occupancy rate for the hotel, focusing on quality goals will develop quality of service and products and make more profits. Suppliers also need to improve their quality in terms of the time between ordering and delivery. If they do not improve and have willingness to do that, it is not recommended to deal with them. References Briggs, C. L. Joan, S. (2003). How do we know a continuous planning academic program when we see one? Journal of Higher Education. Vol. 16, No. 2: 361-370. Boyne, G. A. and Richard, M. W. (2002). Total quality management and performance: An evaluation of the evidence and lessons for research on public organizations. Public Performance Management Review. Vol. 26, No. 2: 111-123. Chiaburu, D. S. (2005). The effects of instrumentality on the relationship between goal orientation and leader-member exchange. The Journal of Social Psychology. Vol. 25, No.3, 365-369 Grote,. D. (2000). Public Sector Organizations: Todays Innovative Leaders in Performance Management. Public Personnel Management. Vol. 29, No. 1: 1-20. Hendrick, R. (2002). Comprehensive management and budgeting reform in local government: The case of Milwaukee. Public Performance and Management Review. Vol. 23, No.3: 312-37 Hui, C. Lam, S. S. K., Law, K. K. S. (2000). Instrumental values of organizational citizenship behavior for promotion: A field quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 85, No.11: 822-828. Janssen, O. Van Yperen, N. W. (2004). Employees goal orientations, the quality of leader-member exchange, and the outcomes of job performance and job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal. Vol. 47, No.7: 368-384. Lakhe, R. R. Mohanty, R. P. (1995). Understanding TQM in service systems. The international journal of Quality Reliability Management. Vol. 12, No. 9: 139-153. Longnecker, C. O. Nykodym, N.. (2000). Public Sector Performance Appraisal Effectiveness: A Case Study. Public Personnel Management. Vol. 25, No.2: 151-164. Rainey, H. G. Barry, B. (2000). Comparing public and private organizations: Empirical research and the power of a priori. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. Vol. 10, No.2: 447-69. Rainey, H. G., Pandey, S. and Barry, B. (2000). Research note: Public and private managers perceptions of red tape. Public Administration Review. Vol. 55, No.6: 567-74. Saunders, Ian W. and Graham, Mary Ann (1992). Total quality management in the hospitality industry, Total Quality Management Business Excellence. Vol. 3, No.3: 243-256 Vrtodusic, A. (2000). Standardization and TQM in the hotel industry. Hotel 2000. Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management Opatija, Opatija. Pp. 1. Wilkinson, A. (1998). Empowerment: Theory and Practice. Personal Review. Journal of employee management. Vol. 27, No. 1: 40-56. Witt, C. A., Muhlemann, A. P. (1994). The implementation of total quality management in tourism: some guidelines. Journal of Tourism Management. Vol. 15, No. 6: 416-424.

Sybil

Video Case Report PSY 281 – Abnormal Psychology Guilford Technical Community College For Dr. Stephen Ash Student Name(s): Kallie Roberts, Porsha, and Jarvis Date: 15, April 2013 1. Name of Video: Sybil 2. Assigned Case Character: a. Character Name: Sybil Dorsett b. Played by Actor/Actress: Sally Field 3. DSM-IV-TR Diagnoses: Axis I: Dissociative Identity Disorder (300. 14) Axis II: N/A Axis III:Axis IV (External Stressors): Screeching sounds, like the one from the swing that triggered her flashback, and also any woman with the same hairstyle as her mother like the woman pushing the swing that caused her to flashback and lose her substitute teaching position, Sounds of piano music, the sight of any hook like objects, feeling backed into a corner like when her father told her she didn’t have a problem when she knew something wasn’t right. Any combative behavior toward her causes her to convert into Peggy, her younger extremely fearful self. Also if someone touched her hands she would feel extremely threatened.And the color purple would cause alternate personalities to surface. Axis V – Current/Worst GAF: _24_ Highest GAF in previous year: _75_ 4. Diagnostic Documentation for Axis I or II Diagnosis: Dissociative Identity Disorder (300. 14) I. Primary Diagnostic Criteria for Dissociative Identity Disorder A. The presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states (each with its own relatively enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and self) : Sybil including her regular personality had about thirteen more.Vanessa, Holds Sybil's musical abilities, plays the piano and helps Sybil pursue a romantic relationship with Richard. She's a young girl, possibly 12 years old. Vicky is a 13 year old who speaks French, a very strong, sophisticated and mature personality who knows about and has insight into all the other personalities, though Sybil does not. Peggy is a 9 year old who talks like a little child. She holds Sybil's artistic abilities, and appears while crying hysterically because Sybil's fears. She is confused; like, she doesn’t know that she’s in New York and instead, thinks she is in the small town that Sybil grew up.Peggy feels the greatest trauma from her mom's abuse, often feeling sad/depressed and unable to find happiness. Her biggest fears include the green kitchen, purple, Christmas, and explosions. Marcia, dresses in funeral attire and constantly has suicidal thoughts and attempts suicide. It’s presumed she tried to kill Sybil in the Harlem hotel but was stopped by Vicky. She thinks the end of the world is coming, but what she really fears in the end is Sybil. Mary, is Sybil's memory of her grandmother; she speaks, walks and acts like a grandmother, and is anxious to meet Sybil's grandmother.Nancy, kept waiting for the end of the world and was afraid of Armageddon. She's a memory of Sybil's dad's religious fanaticism. Ruthie is one of Sybil's less developed selves, a baby in fact. When Sybil thinks she hears her mom's voice, she is so terrified that she regresses into Ruthie, an alter that parallels Sybil as a helpless, regressive, pre-verbal baby. Clara, Ellen, Margie, Sybil Ann is around 5–6 years old and is supposedly very shy. Sybil also had male identities such as Mike who built the shelf in the top of Sybil's closet to hide Vickie's paintings, which she does at night.He and Sid want to know if they can still give a baby to a girl like daddy did even though they are in Sybil's (a female's) body. He's around 9–10 years old. Sid who wants to be just like his father, loves football. He's around 7–8 years old B. At least two of these identities or personality states recurrently take control of the person’s behavior: Vanessa, Holds Sybil's musical abilities, plays the piano and helps Sybil pursue a romantic relationship with Richard. Vicky has insight into all the other personalitie s, though Sybil does not, once Sybil lost control Vicky would step in and sometimes even attend therapy sessions with Dr.Wilbur. Peggy, who talks like a little child, holds Sybil's artistic abilities, and appears because Sybil's fears. She is confused and doesn’t even know that she’s in New York. Marcia constantly has suicidal thoughts and attempts. It’s presumed she tried to kill Sybil in the Harlem hotel but was stopped by Vicky. C. Inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. Sybil told Dr. Wilbur that when she was a little girl she woke up one day and was two years older. When she was admitted to the hospital for cutting her hand she didn’t know she gave Dr.Wilbur to do neurological tests on her. She didn’t even know when she got to the hospital or even how long she had been there, and when she felt smelt the fragrances Dr. Wilbur gave her she regressed into another personal ity, and woke up with another time lapse. D. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e. g. , blackouts or chaotic behavior during Alcohol Intoxication) or a general medical condition (e. g. , complex partial seizures). Note: In children, the symptoms are not attributable to imaginary playmates or other fantasy play.Back to Overall Video Case Report Format: 5. Etiology: According to Nevid et al. Abnormal Psychology in a Changing World, 8th ed. (2011, hereafter:   text), Dissociative Personality Disorder (DID) formerly known as multiple personality, is a type of dissociative disorder that’s characterized by â€Å"changes or disturbances in the functions of self, identity, memory, or consciousness, that make the personality whole†(p209), or â€Å"A dissociative disorder in which a person has two or more distinct, or alter, personalities†(p555). It is the emergence of two or more personalities.In dissociative disorders, the m assive use of repression â€Å"resulting in the ‘splitting off’ from consciousness of unacceptable impulses and painful memories†(p. 221). Those with DID express the impulses through the development of alternate personalities. In some with dissociative identity disorder their main or â€Å"host† personality does not know about the alternates, but the alternates do know about the main personality. Also the alternates sometimes won’t know what other alternate personality-part has done, or even that they exist.There can be at least two controllers of the of the person, and even the different personalities can have different ages and sexual preferences. The rate of DID is higher in women than men and females also tend to have more â€Å"splits† than males, averaging about 15 or more, than do men, who average about 8 alter personalities†(p213). The psychodynamic approach to the causes of DID, according to Nevid et al. , â€Å"Dissociative d isorders include ‘massive repression’, resulting in the ‘splitting off’ from consciousness of unacceptable impulses and painful memories†(p221).They may portray these painful memories and impulses through the development of alternate personalities. From the social-cognitive theory standpoint, the habit of mentally separating yourself from painful memories and unacceptable impulses, by â€Å"splitting off†, is reinforced negatively by â€Å"relief from anxiety or removal of feelings of guilt or shame. The late social- cognitive theorist Nicholas Spanos, â€Å"believe that dissociative identity disorder is a form of role-playing acquired through observational learning and reinforcement†(p222).They are so engulfed in the so called role-playing that they forget they’re enacting a role. From a biological perspective, research is still in its early stages to determine whether brain function has anything to do with Dissociative identity disorder. But recent studies have shown â€Å"structural differences in brain areas involved in memory and emotion between patients with dissociative identity disorder and healthy controls†(p222). But the relevance of the differences haven’t been determined as of yet.Despite the massive amounts of evidence involving traumatic severe sexual and physical abuse during childhood in DID cases, those who experience severe trauma rarely develop dissociative identity disorder. In relation to the diathesis-stress model, â€Å"certain personality traits, such as proneness to fantasize, high ability to be hypnotized, and openness to altered states of consciousness, may predispose individuals to develop dissociative experiences in the face of traumatic abuse†(p222).Not particularly that those with these types of personality traits will absolutely develop dissociative experiences, but can help trigger a dissociative phenomena when paired with a traumatic event, just as a de fense mechanism. â€Å"The most widely held view of dissociative identity disorder is that it represents a means of coping with and surviving severe, repetitive childhood abuse, generally beginning before the age of 5†(Burton ; Lane, 2001; Foote, 2005). They will split into an alter personalities as a mental defense to unbearable abuse.When abuse of such severity and persistence continues, the alters become stabilized and hard for the child to maintain a unified personality. â€Å"The great majority of people with Dissociative identity disorder report being physically or sexually abused as children†( lewis et al. , 1997; Scroppo et al. , 1998). In some tests 75-90% of all subjects tested were abused sexually or physically. Also according to figure 7. 1 on p224 in the Abnormal Psychology in A Changing World, social reinforcement can also lead to stabilization or even the creation of new personalities. Enactment of alter personalities is strengthened by positive reinforc ement in the form of attention from therapists†(p224). According to R. P. Kluft, Temple University, â€Å"in the 1990s there were highly polarized debates about whether multiple personality was iatrogenic, instigated and sustained by clinicians' interest in motivating patients to demonstrate the condition's phenomena, and whether the abuses alleged by patients, often recalled after years of apparent amnesia, were false, suggested by leading questions or subtle expressions of interest.It still is unclear whether multiple personality can be created by iatrogenic factors alone†(Kluft). 6. Treatment: The most common form of therapy in treating those with Dissociative identity disorder are psychodynamic paired with eclectic therapies, with psychodynamic being the base of therapy to get to the true root of the problems, with efforts to unify the several different personalities into one cohesive unified personality. â€Å"However, integration of personalities is not always po ssible.In these situations, the goal is to achieve a harmonious interaction among the personalities that allows more normal functioning†(Gluck). Drug therapy can be used to subdue the coexisting issues like depression or anxiety, but doesn’t affect the DID. Psychotherapy is the primary treatment for dissociative disorders. This form of therapy, also known as talk therapy, counseling or psychosocial therapy, which involves talking about your disorder and related issues with a psychodynamic therapists.Psychotherapy for dissociative disorders often involves techniques, such as hypnosis, that help you remember and work through the trauma that triggered your dissociative symptoms. The course of the psychotherapy may be long and painful, but this treatment approach is very effective in treating dissociative disorders. According to the Mayo Clinic another form of therapy is creative art therapy. This type of therapy uses the creative process to help people who might have diffi culty expressing their thoughts and feelings. Creative arts can increase elf-awareness, help cope with symptoms and traumatic experiences, and also produce positive changes. Creative art therapy includes art, dance and movement, drama, music and poetry. Cognitive therapy is a type of talk therapy that helps you identify unhealthy, negative behaviors and beliefs then replaces them with healthy, positive ones. It's based on the idea that your own thoughts, not other people or situations, determine how you behave. Even if an unwanted situation has not changed, they can change the way they think and behave in a positive more unified way.There aren’t medications that specifically treat dissociative disorders; a psychiatrist can prescribe SSRI’s, anti-anxiety medications or tranquilizers to help control the mental health symptoms associated with dissociative disorders. â€Å"A case study is presented illustrating how traditional long-term therapy can be defined in renewable short-term stages. At various therapeutic intervals therapy may be discontinued or deferred based on the client's definition of personal wellness. Such a conceptualization can facilitate client health while demonstrating accountability for the use of ongoing psychotherapy services† (Applegate).The most common approach to thinking/feeling about the process of recovery from trauma or abuse is to conceptualize it as working through a series of stages. Herman summaries several such models in a table. In the three-stage model of modern trauma therapy outlined by Herman, a phase of safety, in which the patient receives sanctuary and support and is strengthened, is followed by a phase of remembrance and mourning, in which the mind's representation of its traumatic experiences is explored, processed, and mastered and in which the losses and consequences associated with traumatization are grieved.The mind is reintegrated, and roles and functions are resumed in a phase of reconnection. In the nine-stage treatment of multiple personality (Kluft, 1999a and Kluft, 1999b) with multiple personality (1) the psychotherapy is established and (2) preliminary interventions are made to establish safety, develop a therapeutic alliance that includes the alters, and enhance the patient's coping capacities. Then follows (3) history gathering and mapping to learn more about the alters, their concerns, and how the system of alters functions.Then is it possible to begin (4) the metabolism of trauma within and across the alters. As the alters share more, work through more, communicate more effectively with one another, and achieve more mutual awareness, identification, and empathy, their conflicts are reduced, as is contemporary amnesia. They increasingly cooperate and experience some reduction of their differences and senses of separateness. This is called (5) moving toward integration/resolution. More solidified stances toward one's self and the world are reached in (6) integrati on/resolution.Smooth and functional collaboration among the alters, usually including the blending of several personalities, is called a resolution. Blending all alters into a subjective sense of smooth unity is an integration. Then the patient focuses on (7) learning new coping skills, working out alternatives to dissociative functioning, and resolving other previously unaddressed concerns. Issues continue to be processed, and mastery without resort to dysfunctional dissociation is pursued in (8) solidification of gains and working through.Finally, treatment tapers, and the patient is seen at increasingly infrequent intervals in a stage of (9) follow-up. Treatment may be challenging to patient and therapist alike. Work with traumatic material can be upsetting and destabilizing. Worse than that is the pain of tying into what patients learn to their own perceptions of their relationships, with significant others who may appear to have been guilty of mistreatment that wasn’t re membered before.. Patients should be informed about the possibility that material that emerges and may be useful for treatment may not prove to be accurate. Processing traumatic memories has been controversial because the accuracy of initially unavailable memories has been challenged†(Kluft), and the affects experienced with this process can cause upset and trigger self-destructive actions. Sometimes decompensating occurs or an inability to maintain defense mechanisms in response to stress, resulting in personality disturbance or a psychological imbalance. Some multiple personalities can’t handle this kind of work. But so far â€Å"reported successful recoveries to the point of integration have involved processing traumatic memories†(Kluft).Studies also have demonstrated that many recovered memories of DID patients have been confirmed, and some have not even been proven accurate. Opinion imply that deliberate processing of traumatic memories should not be perform ed unless patients have demonstrated the proper strength and stability for the work. All others should be treated supportively, addressing traumatic memories only when they are intrusive, are disruptive, and can’t be put aside. Patients sometimes have periods of anting say everything said in therapy was a joke as Sybil did when confronted more about the green room, trying to banish painful memories of trauma, betrayal, and loss associated with important people in their lives to maintain relationships and a sense of safety within those valued relationships. â€Å"Tact, containment, and circumspection are required from therapist and patient alike†(Kluft). The patient should be protected from becoming overwhelmed by and lost in the traumatic situation, and treatment should be paced to protect the patient's safety and stability. There should be no forcing or rushing. The alter system is designed to facilitate escape from pain and difficulty or, failing that, to reframe or disguise it. Alters often reenact scenarios that (in their perceptions) are tried and true methods of keeping pain at bay, even if they disrupt the patient's treatment, life, and relationships†(Kluft). Sybil displayed this when she was confronted by her father and another time when she was in therapy. In therapy, working directly with alters often may make them more prominent, but the more they’re worked, empathized, and helped to communicate with other alters, their separateness is worn down, making the personality more cohesive.The therapist should treat all of the personalities with respect, and also appreciate the immediacy, and defensive aspects of their separateness, and that they all express parts of a single personality, whose personality structure is to have multiple personalities. â€Å"Interventions to contain alters' dysfunctional behaviors, aggressiveness toward other personalities, self-destructiveness, and irresponsible autonomy (e. g. , failing to care for children, who may be seen as belonging to another personality) may prove necessary†(Kluft).The therapist may call on personalities to work on their particular issues in the treatment and to facilitate their cooperation with the treatment and one another. Treatment must respect the entirety of the patient's concerns. Certain DID’s treatment may be put off repeatedly to address other rising concerns and other mental health issues. For example, a woman with dissociative identity disorder whose child develops cancer is not in a position to pursue trauma work. 7. Personal Application: N/A 8. References: * Nevid, J. S. , Rathus, S. A. & Greene, B. (2011). Abnormal psychology in a changing world. (8th ed ed. ). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. * Gluck, Samantha; Treatment of Dissociative Identity Disorder, 2008; Hhttp://www. healthyplace. com/abuse/dissociative-identity-disorder/treatment-of-dissociative-identity-disorder-did/ealthy Place, Americas Mental health Channel, web, 01/2013; 13, April 2013. * Treatment and Drugs, The Mayo Clinic; http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/dissociative-disorders/DS00574/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs; 3, March 2011;web, 13 April 2013 * Judith L.Herman, Trauma and Recovery, BasicBooks, 1991, p 156 * Applegate, Maureen; Multiphasic Short-term Therapy for Dissociative Identity Disorder; Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association February 1997 vol. 3 no. 1 1-9 * Kluft, R. P. , Encyclopedia of Stress(2nd Edition),2007,p783-790; * Kluft, R. P. ,Current issues in dissociative identity disorder;Journal of Practical Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 5 (1999), pp. 3–19 Sybil’s â€Å"Friends† * Peggy- an aggressive nine-year old * Vicky- a sophisticated young lady * Mary- grandmother * Mike- * Sid- * Martha-

Incentive Plans

Companies’ presidents, CEOs, and managers for decades have used incentives to attract, reward, and retain employees. Dessler (2011) recognizes that most employees receive salary or hourly wage as well as other incentives (Dessler, 2011). Dessler (2011) reports a variety of incentive plans ranging from piecework plans to the earning at risk pay plans (Dessler, 2011). While there are many incentive plans that can be discussed, this paper will only highlight the advantages and disadvantages of merit pay as an incentive and profit sharing plans.Merit Pay  Dessler (2011) defines merit pay as a salary increase awarded based on performance and becomes part of the employees’ base pay salary (Dessler, 2011). Dessler (2011) asserts that merit pay has advocates who argues that rewards tied to performance can motivate performance and detractors claim that merit pay undermine teamwork and misconception of pay as a whole (Dessler, 2011). As Dessler (2011) defines merit pay with adv ocates and detractors other authors such as Longenecker and Goff (1992) uses the term performance appraisal instead of merit pay.Longenecker and Goff (1992) states that merit pay or performance appraisal is believed to be effective by managers and subordinates because it help clarify employee input about his or her job (Longenecker and Goff, 1992). At the same time, both managers and subordinates viewed merit plans as ineffective for linking pay to performance, ineffective for improving motivation and performance as well as ineffective for managers and subordinates working relationship (Longenecker and Goff, 1992).While Longenecker and Goff (1992) referred to merit pay more as performance appraisal others such as Hayes (1999) questions incentive programs altogether. In the article ‘Pros & Cons of Pay for Performance’ the author claims that no one really knows if incentive programs truly work (Hays, 1999). This article further asserts that incentive programs such as this plan create competitiveness that is not necessarily best for a company (Hays, 1999). This article proposes that rewards control behavior through seduction, that it ruins relationships, create competitiveness, that it reduces risk taking, creativity, and  innovation (Hays, 1999).Profit Sharing Plans Profit sharing plans are incentive plans where employees receive a share of a company’s annual profits (Dessler, 2011). Dessler (2011) asserts that there is ample evidence that profit sharing plans boost productivity, but the effects on profits is insignificant once one factor in costs (Dessler, 2011). In fact, the article ‘Profit-Sharing Plans Work’ the author proposes that cash profits are the best way to let employees know that they are important to the company and profit sharing is a tool that could turn the country around (Profit-Sharing Plans Work, 1988).Further, the article emphasizes how workers worry less about management receiving massive profits at the ex pense of the employees’ earnings and for management it provides a financial cushion that limits losses in economic downturns (Profit-Sharing Plans Work, 1988). All the while, this article argues that profit sharing plans where proceeds go into retirement funds instead of employees’ pockets fail to motivate and improve performance (Profit-Sharing Plans Work, 1988).In any case, this article suggests that company morale can be damaged when upper management or salaried employees are the only participants in the profit sharing plans of the company (Profit-Sharing Plans Work, 1988). Yet, Flesher (1993) article describes the profit sharing plans as the type of contribution plans that enables employees to share in accumulated profits of the company, and it is divided among the participants on a pro rata basis based on the participants and the total income of all participants in the plans (Flesher, 1993).Such plans offer the advantages of immediate tax deductions for corporatio n and no immediate tax payable by the employee (Flesher, 1993). Nevertheless, Hays (1999) questions the use of incentive programs for improving performance and asks the question: why do so many companies claim that incentive programs administered effectively or improve company performance? Hays (1999) reports in his article that personal recognition can be more motivational than money, clearly the times have changed because it is this author’s opinion that people are first motivated by monetary reward, then material reward, and then personal recognition.Conclusion Dessler (2011) describes individual incentive programs as performance based pay and team based incentives as performance pay for the team, as variable pay pays a group for its productivity (Dessler, 2011). Dessler (2011) continued by describing the various types of incentive pay plans ranging from the piecework plan to the earning at risk pay plans (Dessler, 2011). After analyzing some of the authors’ article and this author concluded that incentives are not just for the employees but for the employers as well.Pay incentives such as the merit pay plans and the profit sharing plans can be used as tools in an effective manner to increase productivity for a company, but as for motivational purposed for the employees, this could be in some ways for some employees a positive thing and for other employees a negative thing.Also, when asked the question 🙠 do profit sharing plans improve performance?), people like Hays (1999) seem to think that personal recognition can be more motivational than money. While people like Flesher (1993) seem to think that merit pay and profit sharing offers advantages of immediate tax deductions for corporation and no immediate tax payable by the employee (Flesher, 1993). Last, incentive pay has been and will always continue to be used in corporate America as a tool to attract, reward, and retain employees.

The Gulf War Essays

The Gulf War Essays The Gulf War Essay The Gulf War Essay The Persian Gulf war was launched on January 6, 1991, after international diplomatic efforts and sanctions had failed to force Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait, which was ilegally invaded on August 2, 1990, by the january 15th deadline set by the united nations. The 31-nation military moved against Iraq, commanded by U.S. general H. Norman Schwarzkopf, included forces from the United States, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Britain, Syria, and France. Japan, Germany, and others aided the war effort financially. The war, code-named Desert Storm, began as a massive air strike carried out on key Iraqi military targets. The allies quickly gained air superiority; many Iraqi planes were flown to Iraq because it was a neutral area and they stood a less chance of being shot down. Iraq launched scud missle attacks on Israel in an effort to bring them into the war, and weaken the side of the allies. The ground war started when Saddam Hussein ignored a February 23 U.S. deadli ne to begin moving out of Kuwait immediately, but it only lasted about 100 hours. Allied casualties totaled at 147 killed in action and 407 wounded. The Iraqi casualties numbered to be 100,000 dead and 300,000 wounded. Allied military operations were suspended at midnight on February 27. Iraq agreed on February 27-28 to accept the United Nations terms. the UNs decision to terminate the ground war was later criticized because Saddan Hussein was still in power and could still supress post war revolts iraqis. In 1992 the United States, France, and Britain estabished a no fly zone to end Iraqi air attacks on Shiites in southern Iraq. Among the postwar priorities were the re-building of Kuwait, the destruction of Iraqs chemical and nuclear weapons capabilities, and the negotiation of a broad Middle East peace accord. The war was notable for the prominent

Importance of Eating Healthy

Importance of Eating Healthy Free Online Research Papers â€Å"To eat is a necessity, but to eat intelligently is an art† Francois de La Rochefoucauld (1613 1680). Eating is necessary in order to live; but to eat with knowledge is a talent in it self. Unhealthy eating is one of the fastest growing health risks today. Obesity is a contributing factor which leads to many deadly illnesses and is spreading throughout the nation. There is a way to stop this killer and healthy eating is the cure. Healthful Eating will help one to live longer and give one the confidence needed in knowing that body is at its best. Making small changes in every day eating habits will enable people to move forward towards a healthier body and lifestyle. It is important that we eat healthily. To do this we have to have what is called â€Å"a diet.† To have a healthy diet, we have to make sure we eat the right kinds of foods. Nutritious foods are very beneficial; nutrients help us to grow, keep our bodies in good repair, and help us to stay fit and active. Healthful foods provide necessary nutrients to our body. Nutrients are a key factor to obtain energy so our muscles work properly, our brain remains active and our hearts continue to beat. Furthermore, â€Å"nutrients help build and strengthen bones, muscles, and tendons and regulate body processes, such as blood pressure† (WebMD 2005-2008). Living longer is what most people strive for. For countless people, it is a struggle to succeed at eating healthy. For others, this success comes naturally. â€Å"By committing to eat healthier, one will reduce their risk of many chronic diseases† (Barston, S., Toscano M., Arthur, S., 2008). Studies show that reducing daily caloric intake to nineteen hundred will increase life expectancy by up to fifteen years. Research has also proven that reducing personal calorie consumption and choosing to eat the right foods on a daily basis can make a positive impact on an individuals’ well-being. Cutting calories and making healthier choices will give one more energy and stamina (Barston, S., Toscano M., Arthur, S., 2008). With more energy, it is likely that one will become more active, which is a key element to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Changing one’s eating habits decreases the chance of getting high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans suggests the consummation of low fat or nonfat dairy products, vegetables, fruits, and whole grains; our body’s intake of these foods may help in preventing some diseases. Apparently, the guidelines also emphasize balancing the food we eat with our activity to maintain our weight, drinking alcohol in moderation (no more than 2 drinks a day for men and 1 drink a day for women) and limiting foods high in salt, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, and added sugar (Rea, 2007). By eating many vegetables and fruits we may lower our risks of the following health problems: Lung, oral, esophageal, stomach, and colon cancer, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, stroke, heart disease and coronary artery disease (CAD). Those who choose to improve their eating behaviors will start to see their body transform and shed unnecessary fat. This significantly improves a person’s chances of living a longer, healthier life. Taking steps to become a more energetic person increases the chances of living a longer, healthier life. Choosing to eat hearty plays a vital role in giving the body the energy it needs to be and remain active. A healthy diet can help provide an individual with more liveliness, help them to stay active, and help to fight stress (Barston, S., Toscano M., Arthur, S., 2008). Stress, itself, is a killer. Having minimal amounts of anxiety in one’s life encourages a good well- being. Having proper nutrition will safeguard someone from the dangers that come with unhealthy eating. By choosing to consume fruits and vegetables, instead of ‘junk food’, a person’s physical condition could dramatically improve. There are no exceptions to the rules when it comes to someone’s health. If it looks like its loaded and unhealthy, chances are it is. For example, a baked potato is noted on the food pyramid as being a healthy food choice. Once cheese, bacon, sour cream, and butter are added, one begins pushing the limits of healthy eating. The key for most people is to listen to what their conscience is saying. One of the first questions to consider is; is there a feeling of hunger? If the answer happens to be no, then individuals should focus their mind on other activities such as reading, walking, or bicycling. One should take advantage of physical activities â€Å"he† or â€Å"she† and â€Å"his† or â€Å"her† acquaintances enjoy doing together (Eating Healthy, 2006). When friends join each other in making healthy eating choices and keeping fit, the success rate for accomplishing set goals becomes much greater. The possibilities of achieving and maintaini ng good health is influenced by the company someone chooses to keep. One should inform friends and family about new dieting goals and encourage them to eat healthy as well. Doing so will develop a support system and encourage all to develop healthy lifestyles. There are steps that people can take to begin making the change to a healthier life. First, eat in modesty by portioning out correct serving sizes. During the first week, begin shopping for healthier foods. One should learn â€Å"his† or â€Å"her† likes and dislikes. Not only is about eating healthy, it is also about eating the right portion sizes. Learning the correct portion sizes will become easier with time. Becoming educated and doing research on what is considered healthy eating is another step one can take to become successful with personal goals. Using substitution may also allow individuals to reach their goals. For example, a person can jump start ‘his† or â€Å"her† diet in the mornings by eating an apple with breakfast. An apple, instead of coffee, will give one the extra boost of energy that is needed to complete a busy morning routine. Substituting foods can increase energy as well as cut calories. Not everyone is born with the ab ility to know how to eat hearty; however, everyone is capable of learning. â€Å"Healthy eating requires some planning and purpose† (Rodgers, E., 2005). Everyone that is new to the standard of healthier living knows that it is not easy. It takes discipline and effort to incorporate successfully healthful eating habits into everyday lifestyle. Once the new way of life has become habit, one will gain confidence as â€Å"his† or â€Å"her† body image begins to change. Once diets become healthier; metabolism rates will increase; one will continue to look and feel better; both physically and mentally. Achieving set goals will have a positive impact on self-esteem, one’s confidence. These emotions should be used to encourage healthy eating choices throughout daily routines. It is important when choosing to set goals towards a healthier lifestyle, one remains realistic. Set sensible goals, so that there is a gradual change. Changing too much at one time sets one up for failure. Rodgers, E. (2005) stated that, â€Å"food is one of lifes greatest pleasures, so enjoy it†. There are ways to enjoy food using a healthy approach. There are countless types of cookbooks that cater to a healthier lifestyle. There are many ways of creating tasty meals using vegetables and fruits. One must be willing to be creative and willing to try new foods. Setting goals for one-self; may be much different from what others choose. Goals should be set on a personal level. An example would be: one may choose to cut out regular soda consumption, while another may choose to limit dining-out to once weekly. People may find it more effective to begin setting small goals and progressively increasing expectations to prevent the feeling of being overwhelmed. Knowing one’s body is at its best is the key element in sticking with the decision to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Many people choose to keep special items of clothing in hopes of wearing it comfortably again. With effort and strength to make healthy eating choices, it is a possible goal. Not only can it become a personal change, others will notice too. As one’s body image begins to transform, confidence improves, vivacity of life becomes more evident, and others observe the difference as well. Society today, looking one’s best is highly recommended to be successful in the corporate world. Social events also necessitate the need for one, to look ‘his† or â€Å"her† best. Every aspect of one’s life can improve significantly with choosing a healthy lifestyle. Individuals empower themselves by controlling what and how much they eat. Life offers many exceptional pleasures and among them are delicacies of food. Enjoy the delicious fruits of nature but be sure to do it sparingly. The choices we make greatly affect our health. Making some simple nutritious and healthy changes in our food choices can make all the difference and have an exceptional impact on our body, health, and life span. Over indulging will bring a life time of sorrow. So embrace life and eat healthful, with doing that, one will ensure a longer healthier life. With time, patience and dedication we can all successfully learn the art of eating intelligently! If one is practicing unhealthful eating, ask one-self, is it worth it? Physical fitness means any body movement or activity that involves maintaining or enhances overall health and fitness. Exercise is used for many different reasons such as developing better skills in a sport, building endurance, and enhancing general reflexes. The fitness world is expanding every day from having a muscle bound body for the men, to a slim and trim look for the ladies. Everybody is on a continuous battle for achieving that perfect body. In order to compile such a task takes detection, time, goals, and a strong mind. There are two major factors that determine the physical appearance of a person, how they feel and their weight. Diet and exercise is a great mediator in the way a person looks, weighs and feels. Your diet will greatly impact on the way you look, the way you approach things and the amount you will be able to do physically. A good balanced diet consists of the five major food groups. No single food can provide all the essential nutrients needed for good health and well being. The five major food groups are: Bread and Cereal, Fruit, Vegetables, Meat and Meat Alternatives and the Milk Group. Bread and Cereal are recommended for six or seven serves per day. Fruit is recommended for two to three serves per day. Vegetables are recommended for four serves per day. Meat and Meat Alternatives are recommended for one serve per day. The Milk Group for a young or still growing person is of much greater importance than when the person has stopped growing. The reason for this is because a growing body needs fats and dairy products for energy and nutrients. After growing has stopped your body will store this as fat because the need for energy and nutrients is not as great. If you follow these plans to eat you will look and feel great, you will also be able to participate in more physical activities such as running, skipping and swimming. The food groups are broken up into three other groups: Eat Most, Eat Moderately and Eat Least. The eat most food group consists of foods such as: whole grain cereals, bread , pasta, rice, vegetables and fruit. The eat moderately food group consists of foods such as: milk, cheese, yoghurt, lean meat, poultry, fish, nuts, and eggs. The eat least food group contains foods like: butter, margarine, oils and sugar. Also to compensate for the fluids lost through perspiration, expiration and urine and feces we should drink two to three liters of water per day. These ideas may contribute to general health and well-being if put into practice. Exercise will also help you lose weight and have higher self-esteem by burning calories that will make you thinner. Exercise will also work your muscles and make you more flexible and agile. By participating in sport and exercise you develop physical skill and group loyalty. There are different kind of exercises that work out different parts of the body, and exercises are grouped into three types. Flexibility exercises such as stretching improve the range of motion of muscles and joints. Aerobic exercises like cycling, walking, running, hiking, or even playing tennis these exercises help in building cardiovascular endurance. And finally Anaerobic exercises include weight training, and sprinting these increase short-term muscle strength. Exercise does more then reduce weight, it can improve both our health and fitness, and should involve using as much of the body as possible. Exercise has two main benefits the first is short-term these are effects that happen during the activity like the heart rate will increase , which will increase the flow and pressure of blood. The second benefit is long-term. Long-term are lasting effects which effect the body like the heart becomes bigger, stronger and capable of pumping more blood. The lungs will also get more oxygen to the muscles, the muscles will increase in size and strength, and the cardiovascular system which is made up of two parts the heart and the blood vessels will be in better condition, everything is a chain reaction. References American Heart Association. (2008). Make Healthy Food Choices. Retrieved June 29, 2008, from americanheart.org Barston, S., Toscano M., Arthur, S. (2008).healthcare. Retrieved March 2, 2008, from helpguide.org Current Living. (2004- 2008). Be Nutrition Savvy. Retrieved July 17, 2008, from currentliving.com/categories/articles/gilbert/nutrition.shtm1 Eating Healthy (2006). Staying Active and Eating Healthy. Retrieved March 2, 2008, from womenshealth.gov Famous Quotes at Understand Famous Quotes dot com. (2007-2008). Eating Intelligently Is An Art. Retrieved July 17, 2008, from understandfamousquotes.com/ Rodgers, E. (2005). Health care Retrieved March 2, 2008, from health_yahoo.com Research Papers on Importance of Eating HealthyGenetic EngineeringMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationLifes What IfsTwilight of the UAWPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyResearch Process Part OneThe Spring and Autumn19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era